Group norms, intergroup resource allocation and social reasoning among children and adolescents

McGuire, Luke, Manstead, Antony ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-2096 and Rutland, Adam 2017. Group norms, intergroup resource allocation and social reasoning among children and adolescents. Developmental Psychology 53 (12) , pp. 2333-2339.

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Abstract

Cooperation is a fundamental drive of moral behavior from infancy, yet competitive intergroup contexts can exert a significant influence on resource allocation behavior in childhood. The present study explored how ingroup and outgroup norms of competition and cooperation influenced the allocation of resources between groups among children and adolescents, along with how they reasoned about these allocations. Ingroup norms combined, for the first time, with outgroup norms were manipulated to examine their effect on the development of intergroup resource allocation. Participants aged 8 to 16-years (n = 229) were told that their ingroup and the outgroup held either a competitive or cooperative norm about how they should behave in an arts competition. They then allocated tokens for expenditure in the competition between the two teams, and provided social reasoning to justify their chosen allocations. Results showed a negative outgroup norm of competition lead to significantly more ingroup bias when the ingroup also held a competitive rather than a cooperative norm. In contrast, a positive outgroup norm of cooperation did not result in significantly less ingroup bias when the ingroup also held a cooperative norm. Additionally adolescents, unlike children who allocated equally were more likely to make reference to fair competition, a form of moral reasoning, in the competitive compared to the cooperative ingroup norm condition. This study showed that children and adolescents considered both ingroup and outgroup norms simultaneously when making intergroup resource allocations, but that only adolescents varied their reasoning to justify these allocation in line with group norms

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Moral development; Group norms; Social reasoning; Resource allocation
Additional Information:	This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.
Publisher:	American Psychological Association
ISSN:	0012-1649
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	19 June 2017
Date of Acceptance:	15 June 2017
Last Modified:	06 Nov 2023 17:58
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/101541

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