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Which osteoarthritic gait features recover following total knee replacement surgery?

Biggs, Paul Robert ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-0858, Whatling, Gemma Marie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-9580, Wilson, Chris, Metcalfe, Andrew John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-8202 and Holt, Cathy Avril ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-8078 2019. Which osteoarthritic gait features recover following total knee replacement surgery? PLoS ONE 14 (1) , e0203417. 10.1371/journal.pone.0203417

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Abstract

Background Gait analysis can be used to measure variations in joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and is useful when observing longitudinal biomechanical changes following Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery. The Cardiff Classifier is an objective classification tool applied previously to examine the extent of biomechanical recovery following TKR. In this study, it is further developed to reveal the salient features that contribute to recovery towards healthy function. Methods Gait analysis was performed on 30 patients before and after TKR surgery, and 30 healthy controls. Median TKR follow-up time was 13 months. The combined application of principal component analysis (PCA) and the Cardiff Classifier defined 18 biomechanical features that discriminated OA from healthy gait. Statistical analysis tested whether these features were affected by TKR surgery and, if so, whether they recovered to values found for the controls. Results The Cardiff Classifier successfully discriminated between OA and healthy gait in all 60 cases. Of the 18 discriminatory features, only six (33%) were significantly affected by surgery, including features in all three planes of the ground reaction force (p<0.001), ankle dorsiflexion moment (p<0.001), hip adduction moment (p = 0.003), and transverse hip angle (p = 0.007). All but two (89%) of these features remained significantly different to those of the control group after surgery. Conclusions This approach was able to discriminate gait biomechanics associated with knee OA. The ground reaction force provided the strongest discriminatory features. Despite increased gait velocity and improvements in self-reported pain and function, which would normally be clinical indicators of recovery, the majority of features were not affected by TKR surgery. This TKR cohort retained pre-operative gait patterns; reduced sagittal hip and knee moments, decreased knee flexion, increased hip flexion, and reduced hip adduction. The changes that were associated with surgery were predominantly found at the ankle and hip, rather than at the knee.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Engineering
Additional Information: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Publisher: Public Library of Science
ISSN: 1932-6203
Funders: Arthritis Research UK
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 13 February 2019
Date of Acceptance: 18 December 2018
Last Modified: 28 Sep 2023 18:36
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/119459

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