Contextual and developmental differences in the neural architecture of cognitive control

Petrican, Raluca ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-5553 and Grady, Cheryl L. 2017. Contextual and developmental differences in the neural architecture of cognitive control. Journal of Neuroscience 37 (32) , pp. 7711-7726. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0667-17.2017

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Abstract

Because both development and context impact functional brain architecture, the neural connectivity signature of a cognitive or affective predisposition may similarly vary across different ages and circumstances. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of age and cognitive versus social-affective context on the stable and time-varying neural architecture of inhibition, the putative core cognitive control component, in a subsample (N = 359, 22–36 years, 174 men) of the Human Connectome Project. Among younger individuals, a neural signature of superior inhibition emerged in both stable and dynamic connectivity analyses. Dynamically, a context-free signature emerged as stronger segregation of internal cognition (default mode) and environmentally driven control (salience, cingulo-opercular) systems. A dynamic social-affective context-specific signature was observed most clearly in the visual system. Stable connectivity analyses revealed both context-free (greater default mode segregation) and context-specific (greater frontoparietal segregation for higher cognitive load; greater attentional and environmentally driven control system segregation for greater reward value) signatures of inhibition. Superior inhibition in more mature adulthood was typified by reduced segregation in the default network with increasing reward value and increased ventral attention but reduced cingulo-opercular and subcortical system segregation with increasing cognitive load. Failure to evidence this neural profile after the age of 30 predicted poorer life functioning. Our results suggest that distinguishable neural mechanisms underlie individual differences in cognitive control during different young adult stages and across tasks, thereby underscoring the importance of better understanding the interplay among dispositional, developmental, and contextual factors in shaping adaptive versus maladaptive patterns of thought and behavior.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology
Publisher:	Society for Neuroscience
ISSN:	0270-6474
Date of Acceptance:	29 June 2017
Last Modified:	04 Jan 2023 02:36
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/128634

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