Visual stress responses to static images are associated with symptoms of Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD)

Powell, Georgina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6793-0446, Penacchio, Olivier, Derry-Sumner, Hannah, Rushton, Simon K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-4095, Rajenderkumar, Deepak and Sumner, Petroc ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0510 2022. Visual stress responses to static images are associated with symptoms of Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD). Journal of Vestibular Research 32 (1) , pp. 69-78. 10.3233/VES-190578

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:Images that deviate from natural scene statistics in terms of spatial frequency and orientation content can produce visual stress (also known as visual discomfort), especially for migraine sufferers. These images appear to over-activate the visual cortex. OBJECTIVE:To connect the literature on visual discomfort with a common chronic condition presenting in neuro-otology clinics known as persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Sufferers experience dizziness when walking through highly cluttered environments or when watching moving stimuli. This is thought to arise from maladaptive interaction between vestibular and visual signals for balance. METHODS:We measured visual discomfort to stationary images in patients with PPPD (N = 30) and symptoms of PPPD in a large general population cohort (N = 1858) using the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS) and the Situational Characteristics Questionnaire (SCQ). RESULTS:We found that patients with PPPD, and individuals in the general population with more PPPD symptoms, report heightened visual discomfort to stationary images that deviate from natural spectra (patient comparison, F (1, 1865) = 29, p <  0.001; general population correlations, VVAS, rs (1387) = 0.46, p <  0.001; SCQ, rs (1387) = 0.39, p <  0.001). These findings were not explained by co-morbid migraine. Indeed, PPPD symptoms showed a significantly stronger relationship with visual discomfort than did migraine (VVAS, zH = 8.81, p <  0.001; SCQ, zH  = 6.29, p <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS:We speculate that atypical visual processing –perhaps due to a visual cortex more prone to over-activation –may predispose individuals to PPPD, possibly helping to explain why some patients with vestibular conditions develop PPPD and some do not.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology
Publisher:	IOS Press
ISSN:	0957-4271
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	25 May 2021
Date of Acceptance:	14 May 2021
Last Modified:	06 Nov 2023 23:26
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/141547

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