Formation of the largest galactic cores through binary scouring and gravitational wave recoil

Nasim, Imran Tariq, Gualandris, Alessia, Read, Justin I., Antonini, Fabio ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-6199, Dehnen, Walter and Delorme, Maxine 2021. Formation of the largest galactic cores through binary scouring and gravitational wave recoil. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502 (4) , 4794–4814. 10.1093/mnras/stab435

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Abstract

Massive elliptical galaxies are typically observed to have central cores in their projected radial light profiles. Such cores have long been thought to form through ‘binary scouring’ as supermassive black holes (SMBHs), brought in through mergers, form a hard binary and eject stars from the galactic centre. However, the most massive cores, like the ∼3kpc core in A2261-BCG, remain challenging to explain in this way. In this paper, we run a suite of dry galaxy merger simulations to explore three different scenarios for central core formation in massive elliptical galaxies: ‘binary scouring’, ‘tidal deposition’, and ‘gravitational wave (GW) induced recoil’. Using the GRIFFIN code, we self-consistently model the stars, dark matter, and SMBHs in our merging galaxies, following the SMBH dynamics through to the formation of a hard binary. We find that we can only explain the large surface brightness core of A2261-BCG with a combination of a major merger that produces a small ∼1kpc core through binary scouring, followed by the subsequent GW recoil of its SMBH that acts to grow the core size. Key predictions of this scenario are an offset SMBH surrounded by a compact cluster of bound stars and a non-divergent central density profile. We show that the bright ‘knots’ observed in the core region of A2261-BCG are best explained as stalled perturbers resulting from minor mergers, though the brightest may also represent ejected SMBHs surrounded by a stellar cloak of bound stars.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Physics and Astronomy
Publisher:	Royal Astronomical Society
ISSN:	1365-2966
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	1 June 2021
Date of Acceptance:	11 February 2021
Last Modified:	09 May 2023 17:08
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/141668

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