Gut-muscle-brain axis: Molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy of probiotic supplementation coupled with exercise

Morella, Ilaria ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-5400, Negro, Massimo, Dossena, Maurizia, Brambilla, Riccardo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-5706 and D'Antona, Giuseppe 2023. Gut-muscle-brain axis: Molecular mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy of probiotic supplementation coupled with exercise. Neuropharmacology 240 , 109718. 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109718

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Abstract

Increased longevity is often associated with age-related conditions. The most common neurodegenerative disorders in the older population are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), associated with progressive neuronal loss leading to functional and cognitive impairments. Although symptomatic treatments are available, there is currently no cure for these conditions. Gut dysbiosis has been involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD, thus interventions targeting the “gut-brain axis” could potentially prevent or delay these pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that the skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota can affect each other via the “gut-muscle axis”. Importantly, cognitive functions in AD and PD patients significantly benefit from physical activity. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive picture of the crosstalk between the brain, the skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota, introducing the concept of “gut-muscle-brain axis”. Moreover, we discuss human and animal studies exploring the modulatory role of exercise and probiotics on cognition in AD and PD. Collectively, the findings presented here support the potential benefits of physical activity and probiotic supplementation in AD and PD. Further studies will be needed to develop targeted and multimodal strategies, including lifestyle changes, to prevent or delay the course of these pathologies.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0028-3908
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 October 2023
Date of Acceptance:	16 September 2023
Last Modified:	02 Nov 2023 14:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/162870

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