Limbal and Bulbar Hyperaemia in normal eyes

Pult, Heiko ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-8007, Murphy, Paul James, Purslow, Christine, Nyman, Jeffrey and Woods, Russell L. 2008. Limbal and Bulbar Hyperaemia in normal eyes. Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 28 (1) , pp. 13-20. 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00534.x

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Abstract

Purpose:  To investigate the appearance of limbal and bulbar hyperaemia in normal eyes, their relationship and the inter-observer agreement of clinical grading. Methods:  The right eyes of 120 healthy, non-contact lens-wearing subjects (m = 57, f = 63, median age = 45 years, range 18–77 years) were examined by two trained observers. Limbal and bulbar hyperaemia were scored using the Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit (CCLRU) redness grading scales interpolated into 0.1 increments. Redness of four quadrants, and overall, were assessed, and quadrant-average redness was calculated. Inter-observer agreement was assessed at the start and end of the study (20 subjects each). Results:  For limbal redness, the overall (1.62 ± 0.46) (mean units ± S.D.) was not significantly different from the quadrant-average (1.61 ± 0.40) score. For bulbar redness, the overall (2.02 ± 0.49) was higher than the quadrant-average (1.82 ± 0.39) score (p < 0.0001). Significant correlations were found between bulbar and limbal quadrants (Pearson: r ≥ 0.43, p < 0.0001). Significant differences in redness were found between quadrants (p < 0.0001), with nasal and temporal redder than superior and inferior quadrants. Small effects of age and gender were found for limbal redness. The inter-observer 95% limits of agreement were similar at the start and end of the study. They were larger for overall (0.57) compared with quadrant-average (0.28) redness. Conclusions:  For similar populations, a limbal redness above 2.5 or a bulbar redness above 2.6 (quadrant-average) or 3.0 (overall) may be considered abnormal. Limbal and bulbar redness were correlated. Quadrant-average scores are recommended instead of overall scores, as inter-observer agreement was better.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Optometry and Vision Sciences
Subjects:	R Medicine > RE Ophthalmology
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bulbar hyperaemia; bulbar redness; clinical grading; limbal hyperaemia; limbal redness; normal
Publisher:	Blackwell Publishing
ISSN:	0275-5408
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2022 10:18
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/23942

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