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Effects of risperidone, amisulpride and nicotine on eye movement control and their modulation by schizotypy

Schmechtig, Anne, Lees, Jane, Grayson, Lois Elizabeth, Craig, Kevin J., Dadhiwala, Rukiya, Dawson, Gerard R., Deakin, J. F. William, Dourish, Colin T., Koychev, Ivan, McMullen, Katrina, Migo, Elen M., Perry, Charlotte, Wilkinson, Lawrence Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-6124, Morris, Robin, Williams, Stephen R. and Ettinger, Ulrich 2013. Effects of risperidone, amisulpride and nicotine on eye movement control and their modulation by schizotypy. Psychopharmacology 227 (2) , pp. 331-345. 10.1007/s00213-013-2973-4

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Abstract

Rationale The increasing demand to develop more efficient compounds to treat cognitive impairments in schizophrenia has led to the development of experimental model systems. One such model system combines the study of surrogate populations expressing high levels of schizotypy with oculomotor biomarkers. Objectives We aimed (1) to replicate oculomotor deficits in a psychometric schizotypy sample and (2) to investigate whether the expected deficits can be remedied by compounds shown to ameliorate impairments in schizophrenia. Methods In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study 233 healthy participants performed prosaccade (PS), antisaccade (AS) and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) tasks after being randomly assigned to one of four drug groups (nicotine, risperidone, amisulpride, placebo). Participants were classified into medium- and high-schizotypy groups based on their scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ, Raine (Schizophr Bull 17:555–564, 1991)). Results AS error rate showed a main effect of Drug (p < 0.01), with nicotine improving performance, and a Drug by Schizotypy interaction (p = 0.04), indicating higher error rates in medium schizotypes (p = 0.01) but not high schizotypes under risperidone compared to placebo. High schizotypes had higher error rates than medium schizotypes under placebo (p = 0.03). There was a main effect of Drug for saccadic peak velocity and SPEM velocity gain (both p ≤ 0.01) indicating impaired performance with risperidone. Conclusions We replicate the observation of AS impairments in high schizotypy under placebo and show that nicotine enhances performance irrespective of group status. Caution should be exerted in applying this model as no beneficial effects of antipsychotics were seen in high schizotypes.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Psychology
Medicine
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Additional Information: Schizotypy, Schizophrenia, Antisaccades, Smooth pursuit, Biomarkers, Nicotine, Risperidone, Amisulpride
Publisher: Springer Verlag
ISSN: 0033-3158
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2022 09:00
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/30351

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