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Both differences in encoding processes and monitoring at retrieval reduce false alarms when distinctive information is studied

Hanczakowski, Maciej ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8980-4918 and Mazzoni, Giuliana 2011. Both differences in encoding processes and monitoring at retrieval reduce false alarms when distinctive information is studied. Memory 19 (3) , pp. 280-289. 10.1080/09658211.2011.558514

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Abstract

A reduction in false alarms to critical lures is observed in the DRM paradigm (Roediger & McDermott, 199521. Roediger , H. L. III and McDermott , K. B. 1995 . Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 21 : 803 – 814 . [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®], [CSA] View all references) when distinctive information is presented at encoding. Two mechanisms have been proposed to account for this reduction. According to the monitoring theory (e.g., the distinctiveness heuristic), lack of diagnostic recollection serves as a basis for discarding non-presented lures. According to the encoding theory, presenting distinctive information at study leads to impoverished relational processing, which results in a reduction in memorial information elicited by critical lures. In the present study a condition was created in which the use of the distinctiveness heuristic was precluded by associating, within the same study, lures with distinctive information in a context different from the study session. Under that condition reduction in false alarms to distinctive critical lures was still observed. This result supports the predictions of the encoding theory. However, when in the same study the use of the distinctiveness heuristic was not precluded, reductions in false alarms to unrelated lures were also observed when distinctive information was presented at study, indicating that both mechanisms are likely to contribute to the rejection of false memories.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Psychology
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Uncontrolled Keywords: Distinctiveness heuristic, False memory, Retrieval monitoring, Relational processing
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISSN: 0965-8211
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2022 09:19
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/31418

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