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Electromagnetic fast-transients in LV networks with ubiquitous small-scale embedded generation

Clark, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-2361 2012. Electromagnetic fast-transients in LV networks with ubiquitous small-scale embedded generation. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
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Abstract

Small-scale embedded generation projects rated below 16A per phase are being integrated into low-voltage distribution networks in ever increasing numbers. Seen from the network operator's perspective as little more than negative load, the commissioning of such generators is subject to compliance with the Fit and Forget connection requirements of ENA Engineering Recommendation G83/1. This thesis has sought to quantify the electromagnetic switching transient implications of integrating very large volumes of embedded generation into the UK's low-voltage supply networks. Laboratory testing of a converter-interfaced PV source has been undertaken to characterise typical switching transient waveshapes, and equivalent representative source models have been constructed in EMTP-ATP. A detailed frequency-dependent travelling wave equivalent of the DNO-approved Generic UK LV Distribution network model has been developed and, by means of extensive statistical simulation studies, used to quantify the cumulative impact of geographically localised generators switching in response to common network conditions. It is found that the magnitude of generator-induced voltage and current transients is dependent on the number of concurrently switched generators, and on their relative locations within the network. A theoretical maximum overvoltage of 1.72pu is predicted at customer nodes remote from the LV transformer terminals, for a scenario in which all households have installed embedded generation. Latent diversity in switch pole closing and inrush inception times is found to reduce predicted peak transient voltages to around 25-40% of their theoretical maxima.

Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
Status: Unpublished
Schools: Engineering
Subjects: T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Uncontrolled Keywords: Transients; LV / Low-Voltage; Embedded generation; Microgeneration; Switching; ENA G83.
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 30 March 2016
Last Modified: 21 Oct 2022 09:38
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/37154

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