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Recent advances in the genetics of the ALS-FTLD complex

Morris, Huw Rees, Waite, Adrian James, Williams, Nigel Melville ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-6931, Neal, James William and Blake, Derek J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5005-4731 2012. Recent advances in the genetics of the ALS-FTLD complex. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 12 (3) , pp. 243-250. 10.1007/s11910-012-0268-5

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Abstract

There is a clinical and pathological overlap between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). A number of autosomal-dominant genes have been described that primarily cause ALS or FTLD such as progranulin (GRN), valosin-containing protein (VCP), and TAR DNA-Binding Protein (TARDBP), and for each of these conditions there are a small number of cases with both ALS and FTLD. Two major genes were described in 2011, which cause FTLD and/or ALS within extended kindreds. Ubiquilin2 (UBQLN2) is responsible for X-linked FTLD/ALS. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 causes chromosome 9p linked FTLD/ALS and is the most common cause of familial ALS accounting for about 40 % of familial cases. Both UBQLN2 and C9ORF72 mutations lead to TDP-43 positive neuropathology, and C9ORF72-positive cases have p62/ubiquitin-positive pathology, which is not stained by TDP-43 antibodies. Ubiquilin2 is one of a family of proteins thought to be important in targeting abnormal proteins for degradation via lysosomal and proteasomal routes. The pathogenic mechanism of the C9ORF72 expansion is unknown but may involve partial haploinsufficiency of C9ORF72 and/or the formations of toxic RNA inclusions. The identification of mutations in these genes represents an important step forward in our understanding of the clinical, pathological, and genetic spectrum of ALS/FTLD diseases.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Medicine
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Subjects: Q Science > QH Natural history > QH426 Genetics
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Uncontrolled Keywords: Frontotemporal dementia – Frontotemporal lobar degeneration – FTLD – C9ORF72 – Chromosome 9 – Motor neuron disease – Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – ALS – Autosomal dominant – X-linked – Genetics – UBQLN2
Publisher: SpringerLink
ISSN: 1528-4042
Last Modified: 21 Oct 2022 10:24
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/40068

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