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Visualisation of direct interaction of MDA5 and the dsRNA replicative intermediate form of positive strand RNA viruses

Triantafilou, Kathy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-6278, Vakakis, Emmanouil, Kar, Satwik, Richer, Edward, Evans, Gareth Lyndon and Triantafilou, Martha ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-2602 2012. Visualisation of direct interaction of MDA5 and the dsRNA replicative intermediate form of positive strand RNA viruses. Journal of Cell Science 125 (20) , pp. 4761-4769. 10.1242/jcs.103887

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Abstract

The innate immune system is a vital part of the body's defences against viral pathogens. The proteins retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) function as cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors that are involved in the elimination of actively replicating RNA viruses. Their location and their differential responses to RNA viruses emphasises the complexity of the innate detection system. Despite the wealth of information on the types of RNA that trigger RIG-I, much less is known about the nature of the RNAs that act as agonists for MDA5. In order to identify which RNA species triggers MDA5 activation during infection, we isolated viral ssRNA and replicative intermediates of RNA from positive sense ssRNA viruses. We reveal that MDA5 recognises not the genomic ssRNA but the dsRNA generated by the replication of these viruses. Furthermore, using fluorescent imaging we present the first report of the visualisation of dsRNA and MDA5, which provides unique evidence of the relationship between viral dsRNA and MDA5 and proves without a doubt that MDA5 is the key sensor for the dsRNA replicative intermediate form of positive sense ssRNA viruses.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Medicine
Subjects: Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology
Uncontrolled Keywords: RIG-like helicases; MDA5; RIG-I; RNA viruses
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
ISSN: 0021-9533
Last Modified: 24 Oct 2022 10:40
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/45349

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