A Bayesian approach to complex clinical diagnoses: a case-study in child abuse

Best, Nicky, Ashby, Deborah, Dunstan, Frank David John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-5281, Foreman, David and McIntosh, Neil 2013. A Bayesian approach to complex clinical diagnoses: a case-study in child abuse. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 176 (1) , pp. 53-96. 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01050.x

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Abstract

Clinical diagnosis is often a complex task of decision making in the face of uncertainty. Diagnosis of child abuse is a particular example where misdiagnosis in either direction is very serious. We have developed a formal Bayesian methodology to quantify the intrinsic uncertainty in complex clinical diagnostic problems. The motivating case-study was the diagnosis of abuse in an infant presenting with an acute life threatening event and oronasal haemorrhage (nosebleed). Since no direct evidence was available on the probability of abuse given an acute life threatening event and nosebleed, we used Bayes theorem to formulate the diagnosis in terms of prior and inverse conditional probabilities and adapted systematic review methodology and Bayesian evidence synthesis to estimate these and to propagate the associated uncertainty. The estimated probability of abuse was far more uncertain than might be supposed from either expert advice or an informal reading of the literature, and estimates depended crucially on assumptions that were made about the conditional independence of multiple signs of abuse. This highlights the importance of having a formal statistical methodology such as this to assist clinicians in reaching a diagnosis. The process that we worked through is likely to have wider application to other problems of complex clinical diagnosis.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics > RJ101 Child Health. Child health services
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bayesian hierarchical models; Child protection; Expert systems for Bayesian diagnosis; Evidence synthesis; Oronasal haemorrhage in infants; Systematic reviews
Publisher:	Wiley Blackwell
ISSN:	0964-1998
Last Modified:	24 Oct 2022 10:54
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/46325

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