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The particle has landed? characterizing the fate of inhaled pharmaceuticals

Patton, John S., Brain, Joseph D., Davies, Lee A., Fiegel, Jennifer, Gumbleton, Mark ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-311X, Kim, Kwang-Jin, Sakagami, Masahiro, Vanbever, Rita and Ehrhardt, Carsten 2010. The particle has landed? characterizing the fate of inhaled pharmaceuticals. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery 23 (S2) , S71-S87. 10.1089/jamp.2010.0836

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Abstract

Although there is a modest body of literature on the absorption of inhaled pharmaceuticals by normal lungs and some limited information from diseased lungs, there is still a surprising lack of mechanistic knowledge about the details of the processes involved. Where are molecules absorbed, what mechanisms are involved, how well are different lung regions penetrated, what are the determinants of metabolism and dissolution, and how best can one retard the clearance of molecules deposited in the lung or induce intracellular uptake by lung cells? Some general principles are evident: (1) small hydrophobic molecules are absorbed very fast (within tens of seconds) usually with little metabolism; (2) small hydrophilic molecules are absorbed fast (within tens of minutes), again with minimal metabolism; (3) very low water solubility of the drug can retard absorption; (4) peptides are rapidly absorbed but are significantly metabolized unless chemically protected against peptidases; (5) larger proteins are more slowly absorbed with variable bioavailabilities; and 6) insulin seems to be best absorbed distally in the lungs while certain antibodies appear to be preferentially absorbed in the upper airways. For local lung disease applications, and some systemic applications as well, many small molecules are absorbed much too fast for convenient and effective therapies. For systemic delivery of peptides and proteins, absorption may sometimes be too fast. Bioavailabilities are often too low for cost-effective and reliable treatments. A better understanding of the determinants of pulmonary drug dissolution, absorption, metabolism, and how to target specific regions and/or cells in the lung will enable safer and more effective inhaled medicines in the future.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Pharmacy
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Subjects: R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Publisher: Mary Anne Liebert
ISSN: 1941-2711
Last Modified: 25 Oct 2022 09:58
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/60685

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