The effects of central nervous system-active valproic acid constitutional isomers, cyclopropyl analogs, and amide derivatives on neuronal growth cone behavior

Shimshoni, J. A., Dalton, Emma Charlotte ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-0742, Jenkins, A., Eyal, S., Ewan, Kenneth Burnside Ramsay ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-9009, Williams, R. S. B., Pessah, N., Yagen, B., Harwood, Adrian John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-5169 and Bialer, M. 2006. The effects of central nervous system-active valproic acid constitutional isomers, cyclopropyl analogs, and amide derivatives on neuronal growth cone behavior. Molecular Pharmacology 71 (3) , pp. 884-892. 10.1124/mol.106.030601

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Abstract

Valproic acid (VPA) is an effective antiepileptic drug with an additional activity for the treatment of bipolar disorder. It has been assumed that both activities arise from a common target. At the molecular level, VPA targets a number of distinct proteins that are involved in signal transduction. VPA inhibition of inositol synthase reduces the cellular concentration of myo-inositol, an effect common to the mood stabilizers lithium and carbamazepine. VPA inhibition of histone deacetylases activates Wnt signaling via elevated β-catenin expression and causes teratogenicity. Given the VPA chemical structure, it may be possible to design VPA derivatives and analogs that modulate specific protein targets but leave the others unaffected. Indeed, it has been shown that some nonteratogenic VPA derivatives retain antiepileptic and inositol signaling effects. In this study, we describe a further set of VPA analogs and derivatives that separate anticonvulsant activity from effects on neuronal growth cone morphology. Lithium, carbamazepine, and VPA induce inositol-dependent spread of neuronal growth cones, providing a cell-based assay that correlates with mood-stabilizing activity. We find that two constitutional isomers of VPA, propylisopropylacetic acid and diisopropylacetic acid, but not their corresponding amides, and N-methyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarboaxamide are more effective than VPA in increasing growth cone spreading. We show that these effects are associated with inositol depletion, and not changes in β-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling. These results suggest a route to a new generation of central nervous system-active VPA analogs that specifically target bipolar disorder.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Publisher:	American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
ISSN:	0026-895X
Last Modified:	27 Oct 2022 09:27
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/65898

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