The carbonate-catalysed transesterification of sunflower oil for biodiesel production: in situ monitoring and density functional theory calculations

Nyepetsi, M., Mbaiwa, F., Oyetunji, O.A., Dzade, N.Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-9473 and De Leeuw, N.H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-0545 2021. The carbonate-catalysed transesterification of sunflower oil for biodiesel production: in situ monitoring and density functional theory calculations. South African Journal of Chemistry 74 (se1) , pp. 42-49.

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Abstract

Biodiesel has emerged as a promising alternative fuel to replace dwindling fossil-based resources, particularly in view of its added environmental merit of reducing additional air pollution. Its specific attraction stems from the similarity of its physical properties to fossil fuel-derived diesel. Although the production of biodiesel is a relatively straightforward process, reaction progress monitoring and product analysis require costly specialist equipment, such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In this study, we investigate the use of pH in monitoring the progress of carbonate-catalyzed transesterification reactions. Specifically, we focus on potassium and sodium carbonates and sunflower oil. Our results are consistent with the results obtained by other studies using different methods of monitoring. To test the generality of the method, pH measurements were also used to monitor the progress of the potassium carbonate transesterification reaction in the presence of added water, glycerol and gamma-valerolactone (GVL). The obtained results are as expected, with a limited amount of water increasing the transesterification rate; glycerol slowing the reaction slightly in accord with Le Chatellier's principles; and GVL increasing the rate due to co-solvent effects. Atomic-level insights into the adsorption mechanism of methanol and water on the (001) surfaces of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 catalysts are provided by first-principles DFT calculations, which explain the increase in transesterification reaction rate upon the addition of water.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Chemistry
Publisher:	Sabinet
ISSN:	0379-4350
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	20 October 2020
Date of Acceptance:	27 July 2020
Last Modified:	09 May 2023 21:55
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/135747

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