Glutamate signaling in bone

Brakspear, Karen S. and Mason, Deborah Jane ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8666-6094 2012. Glutamate signaling in bone. Frontiers in Endocrinology 3 , 97. 10.3389/fendo.2012.00097

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Abstract

Mechanical loading plays a key role in the physiology of bone, allowing bone to functionally adapt to its environment, however characterization of the signaling events linking load to bone formation is incomplete. A screen for genes associated with mechanical load-induced bone formation identified the glutamate transporter GLAST, implicating the excitatory amino acid, glutamate, in the mechanoresponse. When an osteogenic load (10 N, 10 Hz) was externally applied to the rat ulna, GLAST (EAAT1) mRNA, was significantly down-regulated in osteocytes in the loaded limb. Functional components from each stage of the glutamate signaling pathway have since been identified within bone, including proteins necessary for calcium-mediated glutamate exocytosis, receptors, transporters, and signal propagation. Activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors has been shown to regulate the phenotype of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro and bone mass in vivo. Furthermore, glutamatergic nerves have been identified in the vicinity of bone cells expressing glutamate receptors in vivo. However, it is not yet known how a glutamate signaling event is initiated in bone or its physiological significance. This review will examine the role of the glutamate signaling pathway in bone, with emphasis on the functions of glutamate transporters in osteoblasts.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology Q Science > QP Physiology
Additional Information:	Pdf uploaded in accordance with publisher's policy at http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/1664-2392/ (accessed 25/02/2014). This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. it is reproduced with permission.
Publisher:	Frontiers Research Foundation
ISSN:	1664-2392
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Last Modified:	12 May 2023 15:01
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/49901

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