Browse by All Cardiff Authors

Gobat, N., Butler, C.C., Mollison, J., Francis, N.A., Gal, M., Harris, V., Webb, S.A.R., Byrne, J.-P., Watkins, A., Sukumar, P., Hood, K. and Nichol, A. 2019. What the public think about participation in medical research during an influenza pandemic: an international cross-sectional survey. Public Health 177 , pp. 80-94. 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.07.005 Item availability restricted.

Brookes-Howell, Lucy, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Bates, Janine, Bekkers, Marie-Jet, Brugman, Curt, Coulman, Elinor, Francis, Nick, Hashmi, Khurram, Hood, Kerenza, Kirby, Nigel, Llor, Carl, Little, Paul, Moore, Michael, Moragas, Anna, Rumsby, Kate, Verheij, Theo and Butler, Christopher 2019. Challenges in managing urinary tract infection and the potential of a point-of-care test guided care in primary care: an international qualitative study. BJGP Open 3 (2) , 18X101630. 10.3399/bjgpopen18X101630

Owen-Jones, Eleri, Lowe, Rachel, Lown, Mark, Gillespie, David, Addison, Katy, Bayer, Tony, Calder, Philip C, Davies, Jane, Davoudianfar, Mina, Downs, James, Edwards, Alison, Francis, Nick A, Fuller, Richard, Hobbs, Richard, Hood, Kerenza, Lau, Mandy, Little, Paul, Moore, Michael, Shepherd, Victoria, Stanton, Helen, Toghill, Alun, Wootton, Mandy and Butler, Chris C 2019. Protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in reducing antibiotics for infection in care home residents: the Probiotics to Reduce Infections iN CarE home reSidentS (PRINCESS) trial. BMJ Open 9 (6) , e027513. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027513

Andersen, Yuki M.F., Egeberg, Alexander, Ban, Lu, Gran, Sonia, Williams, Hywel C., Francis, Nick A., Knop, Filip K., Gislason, Gunnar H., Skov, Lone and Thyssen, Jacob P. 2019. Association between topical corticosteroid use and type 2 diabetes in two european population-based adult cohorts. Diabetes Care 42 (6) , pp. 1095-1103. 10.2337/dc18-2158

Ahmed, Haroon, Farewell, Daniel, Francis, Nick A., Paranjothy, Shantini and Butler, Christopher C. 2019. Impact of antibiotic treatment duration on outcomes in older men with suspected urinary tract infection: Retrospective cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 28 (6) , pp. 857-866. 10.1002/pds.4791 Item availability restricted.

Gal, Micaela, Gobat, Nina, Francis, Nicholas A., Hood, Kerenza, Butler, Christopher C., Bielicki, Julia, Fraaij, Pieter L., Sharland, Mike, Jarvis, Jessica, van Rossum, Annemarie M.C., Heikkinen, Terho, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Herberg, Jethro, Watkins, Angela, Webb, Steve A.R., Moore, Ronnie, Sukumar, Prasanth and Nichol, Alistair 2019. Priority needs for conducting pandemic-relevant clinical research with children in Europe: A consensus study with pediatric clinician-researchers. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 35 (5) , e82-e86. 10.1097/INF.0000000000002204

Townson, Julia, Cannings-John, Rebecca, Francis, Nick, Thayer, Dan and Gregory, John 2019. Presentation to primary care during the prodrome of type 1 diabetes in childhood: A case‐control study using record data linkage. Pediatric Diabetes 20 (3) , pp. 330-338. 10.1111/pedi.12829

Lugg-Widger, Fiona, Angel, Lianna, Cannings-John, Rebecca, Jones, Hywel, Lau, Mandy, Butler, Christopher C, Francis, Nick, Hay, Alastair D, Heginbothom, Margaret, Hood, Kerenza, Paranjothy, Shantini, Van der Voort, Judith and Hughes, Kathryn 2019. Long-term outcomes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Childhood (LUCI): protocol for an electronic record-linked cohort study. BMJ Open 9 , e024210. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024210

Patel, M., Lee, S. I., Akyea, R. K., Grindlay, D., Francis, N., Levell, N. J., Smart, P., Kai, J. and Thomas, K. S. 2019. A systematic review showing the lack of diagnostic criteria and tools developed for lower limb cellulitis. British Journal of Dermatology 10.1111/bjd.17857

Ahmed, Haroon, Farewell, Daniel, Jones, Hywel, Francis, Nicholas, Paranjothy, Shantini and Butler, Christopher C 2019. Antibiotic prophylaxis and clinical outcomes among older adults with recurrent urinary tract infection: cohort study. Age and Ageing 48 (2) , pp. 288-234. 10.1093/ageing/afy146

Little, Paul, Stuart, Beth, Francis, Nick, Douglas, Elaine, Tonkin-Crine, Sarah, Anthierens, Sibyl, Cals, Jochen W.L., Melbye, Hasse, Santer, Miriam, Moore, Michael, Coenen, Samuel, Butler, Chris C., Hood, Kerenza, Kelson, Mark, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Mierzecki, Artur, Torres, Antoni, Llor, Carl, Davies, Melanie, Mullee, Mark, O'Reilly, Gilly, van der Velden, Alike, Geraghty, Adam W.A., Goossens, Herman, Verheij, Theo and Yardley, Lucy 2019. Antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections 12 months after communication and CRP training: a randomized trial. Annals of Family Medicine 17 (2) , pp. 125-132. 10.1370/afm.2356 Item availability restricted.

Ahmed, Haroon, Farewell, Daniel, Francis, Nick A., Paranjothy, Shantini and Butler, Christopher C. 2019. Choice of empirical antibiotic therapy and adverse outcomes in older adults with suspected urinary tract infection: cohort study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6 (3) , ofz039. 10.1093/ofid/ofz039

Stuart, Beth, Hounkpatin, Hilda, Becque, Taeko, Yao, Guiqing, Zhu, Shihua, Alonso-Coello, Pablo, Altiner, Attila, Arroll, Bruce, Böhning, Dankmar, Bostock, Jennifer, Bucher, Heiner C C, de la Poza, Mariam, Francis, N A, Gillespie, David, Hay, Alastair D, Kenealy, Timothy, Löffler, Christin, Mas-Dalmau, Gemma, Muñoz, Laura, Samuel, Kirsty, Moore, Michael and Little, Paul 2019. Delayed antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: protocol of an individual patient data meta-analysis. BMJ Open 9 (1) , -. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026925

Jones, Leah Ffion, Owens, Rebecca, Sallis, Anna, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Thornley, Tracey, Francis, N, Butler, Chris and McNulty, Cliodna A M 2018. Qualitative study using interviews and focus groups to explore the current and potential for antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacy informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. BMJ Open 8 (12) , e025101. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025101

Cope, Anwen, Wood, Fiona, Francis, Nick and Chestnutt, Ivor 2018. Patients' reasons for consulting a GP when experiencing a dental problem: a qualitative study. British Journal of General Practice 68 (677) , e877-e883. 10.3399/bjgp18X699749

Francis, Nick A, Waldron, Cherry-Ann, Cannings-John, Rebecca, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Winfield, Thomas, Shepherd, Victoria, Harris, Debbie, Hood, Kerenza, Fitzsimmons, Deborah, Roberts, Amanda, Powell, Colin VE, Gal, Micaela, Jones, Sarah and Butler, Christopher C 2018. Oral steroids for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children aged 2-8 years: the OSTRICH RCT. Health Technology Assessment 22 , 61. 10.3310/hta22610

Santer, Miriam, Rumsby, Kate, Ridd, Matthew J, Francis, Nick A., Stuart, Beth, Chorozoglou, Maria, Roberts, Amanda, Liddiard, Lyn, Nollett, Claire, Hooper, Julie, Prude, Martina, Wood, Wendy, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Becque, Taeko, Thomas, Kim S, Williams, Hywel C and Little, Paul 2018. Adding emollient bath additives to standard eczema management for children with eczema: the BATHE RCT. Health Technology Assessment 22 (57) 10.3310/hta22570

Stuart, Beth, Rumsby, Kate, Santer, Miriam, Ridd, Matthew J, Francis, Nick A, Chorozoglou, Maria, Spreadbury, Carla, Steele, Mary, Nollett, Claire, Liddiard, Lyn, Prude, Martina, Hooper, Julie, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Roberts, Amanda, Thomas, Kim S, Williams, Hywel C and Little, Paul 2018. Feasibility of weekly participant-reported data collection in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in primary care: Experiences from the BATHE trial (Bath Additives for the Treatment of cHildhood Eczema). Trials 19 , 582.

Cope, Anwen, Francis, Nicholas, Wood, Fiona and Chestnutt, Ivor 2018. Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9 , CD010136. 10.1002/14651858.CD010136.pub3

Ahmed, Haroon, Farewell, Daniel, Francis, Nicholas, Paranjothy, Shantini and Butler, Christopher 2018. Risk of adverse outcomes following urinary tract infection in older people with renal impairment: retrospective cohort study using linked health record data. PLoS Medicine 15 (9) , e1002652. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002652

Francis, Nick A, Cannings-John, Rebecca, Waldron, Cherry-Ann, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Winfield, Tom, Shepherd, Victoria, Harris, Debbie, Hood, Kerenza, Fitzsimmons, Deborah, Roberts, Amanda, Powell, Colin, Gal, Micaela and Butler, Christopher C 2018. Oral steroids for resolution of otitis media with effusion in children (OSTRICH): a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet 392 (10147) , pp. 557-568. 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31490-9

Jones, Leah, Hawking, Meredith, Owens, Rebecca, Lecky, Donna, Francis, Nick, Butler, Christopher, Gal, Micaela and McNulty, Cliodna 2018. An evaluation of the TARGET Antibiotics Toolkit (Treat Antibiotics Responsibly; Guidance, Education, Tools) to improve antimicrobial stewardship in primary care - is it fit for purpose? Family Practice 35 (4) , pp. 461-467. 10.1093/fampra/cmx131

Gal, Micaela, Francis, Nicholas A., Hood, Kerenza, Villacian, Jorge, Goossens, Herman, Watkins, Angela and Butler, Christopher C. 2018. Matching diagnostics development to clinical need: Target product profile development for a point of care test for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection. PLoS ONE 13 (8) , e0200531. 10.1371/journal.pone.0200531

Bongard, Emily, van der Velden, Alike W, Cook, Johanna, Saville, Ben, Beutels, Philippe, Munck Aabenhus, Rune, Brugman, Curt, Chlabicz, Slawomir, Coenen, Samuel, Colliers, Annelies, Davies, Melanie, De Paor, Muireann, De Sutter, An, Francis, Nick A, Glinz, Dominik, Godycki-?wirko, Maciek, Goossens, Herman, Holmes, Jane, Ieven, Margareta, de Jong, Menno, Lindbaek, Morten, Little, Paul, Martinón-Torres, Frederico, Moragas, Ana, Pauer, József, Pfeiferová, Markéta, Radzeviciene-Jurgute, Ruta, Sundvall, Pär-Daniel, Torres, Antoni, Touboul, Pia, Varthalis, Dionyssios, Verheij, Theo and Butler, Christopher C 2018. Antivirals for influenza-Like Illness? A randomised Controlled trial of Clinical and Cost effectiveness in primary CarE (ALIC4E): the ALIC4E protocol. BMJ Open 8 (7) , e021032. 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021032

Gillespie, David, Francis, Nick A, Carrol, Enitan D, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Butler, Christopher C and Hood, Kerenza 2018. Use of co-primary outcomes for trials of antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Lancet Infectious Diseases 18 (6) , pp. 595-597. 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30289-5

Butler, Christopher C., Coenen, Samuel, Saville, Benjamin R., Cook, Johanna, van der Velden, Alike, Homes, Jane, de Jong, Menno, Little, Paul, Goossesns, Herman, Beutles, Philipe, Ieven, Greet, Francis, Nicholas, Moons, Pieter, Bongard, Emily and Verheij, Theo 2018. A trial like ALIC4E: why design a platform, response-adaptive, open, randomised controlled trial of antivirals for influenza-like illness? ERJ Open Research 4 (2) , 00046-2018. 10.1183/23120541.00046-2018

Santer, Miriam, Ridd, Matthew, Francis, Nicholas, Stuart, Beth, Rumsby, Kate, Chorozoglou, Maria, Becque, Taeko, Roberts, Amanda, Liddiard, Lyn, Nollett, Claire, Hooper, Julie, Prude, Martina, Wood, Wendy, Thomas, Kim, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Williams, Hywel and Little, Paul 2018. Emollient bath additives for the treatment of childhood eczema (BATHE): multi-centre pragmatic parallel group randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness. BMJ 361 , k1332. 10.1136/bmj.k1332

Dekker, Anne R.J., Verheij, Theo J.M., Broekhuizen, Berna D.L., Butler, Christopher C, Cals, Jochen W.L., Francis, Nicholas, Little, Paul, Sanders, Elisabeth A.M., Yardley, Lucy, Zuithoff, Nicolaas P.A. and Van Der Velden, Alike W. 2018. Effectiveness of GP online training and an information booklet for parents on antibiotic prescribing for children with RTI in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73 (5) , pp. 1416-1422. 10.1093/jac/dkx542

McNulty, Cliodna, Hawking, Meredith, Lecky, Donna, Jones, Leah, Owens, Rebecca, Charlett, André, Butler, Chris, Moore, Philippa and Francis, Nick 2018. Effects of primary care antimicrobial stewardship outreach on antibiotic use by general practice staff: pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the TARGET antibiotics workshop. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73 (5) , pp. 1423-1432. 10.1093/jac/dky004

Ingram, John, Coulman, Elinor, Gregory, Clive, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Francis, Nicholas, Harding, Keith, Hood, Kerenza, Piguet, Vincent, Pickles, Timothy and Cannings-John, Rebecca 2018. Levels of wound calprotectin and other inflammatory biomarkers aid in deciding which patients with a diabetic foot ulcer need antibiotic therapy (INDUCE study). Diabetic Medicine 35 (2) , pp. 255-261. 10.1111/dme.13431

Santer, Miriam, Francis, Nicholas, Platt, Duncan, Eady, Elizabeth Anne and Layton, Alison M 2018. Stemming the tide of antimicrobial resistance: implications for management of acne vulgaris. British Journal of General Practice 68 (667) , pp. 64-65. 10.3399/bjgp18X694457

Gobat, Nina Helene, Gal, Micaela, Butler, Christopher Collett, Webb, Steve A.R., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Stanton, Helen, Anthierens, Sibyl, Bastiaens, Hilde, Godycki-?wirko, Maciek, Kowalczyk, Anna, Pons-Vigués, Mariona, Pujol-Ribera, Enriqueta, Berenguera, Anna, Watkins, Angela, Sukumar, Prasanth, Moore, Ronald G., Hood, Kerenza and Nichol, Alistair 2018. Talking to the people that really matter about their participation in pandemic clinical research: a qualitative study in four European countries. Health Expectations 21 (1) , pp. 387-395. 10.1111/hex.12634

Butler, Christopher C, Francis, Nicholas A., Thomas-Jones, Emma, Longo, Mirella, Wootton, Mandy, Llor, Carl, Little, Paul, Moore, Michael, Bates, Janine, Pickles, Timothy, Kirby, Nigel, Gillespie, David, Rumsby, Kate, Brugman, Curt, Gal, Micaela, Hood, Kerenza and Verheij, Theo 2018. Point-of-care urine culture for managing urinary tract infection in primary care: a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness. British Journal of General Practice 68 (669) , e268-e278. 10.3399/bjgp18X695285

Ahmed, Haroon, Farewell, Daniel, Jones, Hywel, Francis, Nicholas A., Paranjothy, Shantini and Butler, Christopher 2018. Incidence and antibiotic prescribing for clinically diagnosed urinary tract infection in older adults in UK primary care, 2004-2014. PLoS ONE 13 (1) , e0190521. 10.1371/journal.pone.0190521

de Bont, Eefje G. P. M., Dinant, Geert-Jan, Elshout, Gijs, van Well, Gijs, Francis, Nicholas A., Winkens, Bjorn and Cals, Jochen W. L. 2018. Booklet for childhood fever in out-of-hours primary care: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Annals of Family Medicine 16 (4) , pp. 314-321. 10.1370/afm.2265

Francis, Nicholas, Butler, Christopher, Thomas-Jones, Rachel, Bates, Marianne, Lau, Tin, Pickles, Timothy, Gal, Micaela, Kirby, Nigel, Gillespie, David, Hood, Kerenza, Bongard, Emily, Llor, Carl, Moore, Michael, Little, Paul, Wootton, Mandy, Rumbsy, Kate, Brugman, Curt and Verheij, Theo 2017. Variations in presentation, management, and patient outcomes of urinary tract infection: a prospective four-country primary care observational cohort study. British Journal of General Practice 67 (665) , e830-e841. 10.3399/bjgp17X693641

Aviles-Solis, J. C., Vanbelle, S., Halvorsen, P. A., Francis, Nicholas, Cals, J. W. L., Andreeva, E. A., Marques, A., Piirila, P., Pasterkamp, H. and Melbye, H. 2017. International perception of lung sounds: a comparison of classification across some European borders. BMJ Open Respiratory Research 4 (1) , e000250. 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000250

Shepherd, Victoria, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Ridd, Matthew J., Hood, Kerenza, Addison, Katherine and Francis, Nicholas 2017. Impact of a deferred recruitment model in a randomised controlled trial in primary care (CREAM study). Trials 18 (1) , 533. 10.1186/s13063-017-2284-x

Atwan, Ausama, Piguet, Vincent, Finlay, Andrew Y., Francis, Nicholas A. and Ingram, John R. 2017. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) as a psoriasis referral triage tool. British Journal of Dermatology 177 (4) , e136-e137. 10.1111/bjd.15446

Bates, Janine, Francis, Nicholas, White, Patrick, Gillespie, David, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Breen, Rachel, Kirby, Nigel, Hood, Kerry, Gal, Micaela, Phillips, Rhiannon, Naik, Gurudutt, Cals, Jochen, Llor, Carl, Melbye, Hasse, Wootton, Mandy, Riga, Evgenia, Cochrane, Ann, Howe, Robin, Fitzsimmons, Deborah, Sewell, Bernadette, Alam, Mohammed Fasihul and Butler, Christopher C. 2017. General practitioner use of a C-reactive protein point-of-care test to help target antibiotic prescribing in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (the PACE study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 18 , 422. 10.1186/s13063-017-2144-8

Santer, M., Chandler, D., Lown, M., Francis, Nicholas A. and Muller, I. 2017. Views of oral antibiotics and advice seeking about acne: a qualitative study of online discussion forums. British Journal of Dermatology 177 (3) , 751 -757. 10.1111/bjd.15398

Thomas, K.S., Brindle, R., Chalmers, J. R., Gamble, B., Francis, Nicholas, Hardy, D., Hooper, J., Keeley, V., Levell, N. J., McPhee, M., Metcalf, L., Santer, M., Tarpey, M., Smart, P., Wallace, A. and Wilkes, S. 2017. Identifying priority areas for research into the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cellulitis (erysipelas) - results of a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. British Journal of Dermatology 177 (2) , pp. 541-543. 10.1111/bjd.15634

van Eerd, Eva Anne Marije, Bech Risør, Mette, Spigt, Mark, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Andreeva, Elena, Francis, Nicholas, Wollny, Anja, Melbye, Hasse, van Schayck, Onno and Kotz, Daniel 2017. Why do physicians lack engagement with smoking cessation treatment in their COPD patients? A multinational qualitative study. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 27 (1) , 41. 10.1038/s41533-017-0038-6

Blair, Peter S., Turnbull, Sophie, Jenny, Ingram, Redmond, Niamh, Lucas, Patricia Jane, Cabral, Christie, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Dixon, Padraig, Peters, Tim, Horwood, Jeremy, Little, Paul, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Gilbertson, Anna, Jameson, Catherine and Hay, Alastair D 2017. Feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial of a within-consultation intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for children presenting to primary care with acute respiratory tract infection and cough. BMJ Open 7 (5) , e014506. 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014506

Ahmed, Haroon, Davies, Freya, Francis, Nicholas, Farewell, Daniel, Butler, Christoper and Paranjothy, Shantini 2017. Long-term antibiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ Open 7 (5) , e015233. 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015233

Gillespie, David, Farewell, Daniel, Brookes-Howell, Lucy, Butler, Christopher, Coenen, Samuel, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Little, Paul, Stuart, Beth, Verheij, Theo and Hood, Kerenza 2017. Determinants of initiation, implementation, and discontinuation of amoxicillin by adults with acute cough in primary care. Patient Preference and Adherence 2017 (11) , pp. 561-569. 10.2147/PPA.S119256

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Ridd, Matthew J., Thomas-Jones, Rachel Emma, Butler, Christopher C., Hood, Kerenza, Shepherd, Victoria, Marwick, Charis A., Huang, Chao, Longo, Mirella, Wootton, Mandy and Sullivan, Frank 2017. Oral and topical antibiotics for clinically infected eczema in children: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in ambulatory care. Annals of Family Medicine 15 (2) , pp. 124-130. 10.1370/afm.2038

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Entwistle, Kathryn, Santer, M., Layton, A.M., Eady, E.A. and Butler, C.C. 2017. The management of acne vulgaris in primary care: a cohort study of consulting and prescribing patterns using CPRD. British Journal of Dermatology 176 (1) , pp. 107-115. 10.1111/bjd.15081

Laue, Johanna, Melbye, Hasse, Halvorsen, Peder, Andreeva, Elena, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Wollny, Anja, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Spigt, Mark, Kung, Kenny and Risør, Mette 2016. How do general practitioners implement decision-making regarding COPD patients with exacerbations? An international focus group study. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 11 (1) , pp. 3109-3119. 10.2147/COPD.S118856

de Bont, Eefje G. P. M., Dinant, Geert-Jan, Elshout, Gijs, van Well, Gijs, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Winkens, Bjorn and Cals, Jochen W. L. 2016. An illness-focused interactive booklet to optimise management and medication for childhood fever and infections in out-of-hours primary care: study protocol for a cluster randomised trial. Trials 17 (1) , 547. 10.1186/s13063-016-1667-8

Gkiousias, Vasileios, Butler, Christopher Collett, Shepherd, Victoria, Kilgour, James Michael, Waldron, Cherry-Ann, Thomas-Jones, Emma and Francis, Nicholas 2016. Parental perceptions and understanding of information provision, management options and factors influencing the decision-making process in the treatment of children with glue ear. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 89 , pp. 6-12. 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.07.021

Tonkin-Crine, Sarah, Anthierens, Sibyl, Hood, Kerenza, Yardley, Lucy, Cals, Jochen W. L., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Coenen, Samuel, van der Velden, Alike W., Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Llor, Carl, Butler, Chris C., Verheij, Theo J. M., Goossens, Herman and Little, Paul 2016. Discrepancies between qualitative and quantitative evaluation of randomised controlled trial results: achieving clarity through mixed methods triangulation. Implementation Science : IS 11 , 66. 10.1186/s13012-016-0436-0

Cope, Anwen, Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon, Wood, Fiona and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2016. Dental consultations in UK general practice and antibiotic prescribing rates: a retrospective cohort study. British Journal of General Practice , e329-e336. 10.3399/bjgp16X684757

Francis, Nicholas, Hood, Kerenza, Lyons, Ronan and Butler, Christopher Collett 2016. Understanding flucloxacillin prescribing trends and treatment non-response in UK primary care: a Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 71 (7) , pp. 2037-2046. 10.1093/jac/dkw084

Olsen, J. R., Gallacher, J., Finlay, Andrew Yule, Piguet, Vincent and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2016. Quality of life impact of childhood skin conditions measured using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI): a meta-analysis. British Journal of Dermatology 174 (4) , pp. 853-861. 10.1111/bjd.14361

Cope, Anwen, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Wood, Fiona Claire and Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon 2016. Antibiotic prescribing in UK general dental practice: a cross-sectional study. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 44 (2) , pp. 145-153. 10.1111/cdoe.12199

Francis, Nicholas, Ridd, Matthew J., Thomas-Jones, Emma, Shepherd, Victoria, Butler, Christopher Collett, Hood, Kerenza, Huang, Chao, Addison, Katherine, Longo, Mirella, Marwick, Charis, Wootton, Mandy, Howe, Robin, Roberts, Amanda, Inaam-ul Haq, Mohammed, Madhok, Vishnu and Sullivan, Frank 2016. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of oral and topical antibiotics for children with clinically infected eczema in the community: the ChildRen with Eczema, Antibiotic Management (CREAM) study. Health Technology Assessment 20 (19) , pp. 1-84. 10.3310/hta20190

Waldron, Cherry-Ann, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Cannings-John, Rebecca, Hood, Kerenza, Powell, Colin, Roberts, Amanda, Tomkinson, Alun, Fitzsimmons, Deborah, Gal, Micaela, Harris, Debbie, Shepherd, Victoria, Butler, Christopher and Francis, Nicholas 2016. Oral Steroids for the Resolution of Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) in Children (OSTRICH): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 17 , 115. 10.1186/s13063-016-1236-1

Olsen, Jonathan R., Piguet, Vincent, Gallacher, John Edward and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2016. Molluscum contagiosum and associations with atopic eczema in children: a retrospective longitudinal study in primary care. Brtitish Journal of General Practice 66 (642) , e53. 10.3399/bjgp15X688093

Gobat, Nina Helene, Gal, Micaela, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Hood, Kerenza, Watkins, Angela, Turner, Jill, Moore, Ronald, Webb, Steve A. R., Butler, Christopher Collett and Nichol, Alistair 2015. Key stakeholder perceptions about consent to participate in acute illness research: a rapid, systematic review to inform epi/pandemic research preparedness. Trials 16 , 591. 10.1186/s13063-015-1110-6

Santer, Miriam, Rumsby, Kate, Ridd, Matthew J., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Stuart, Beth, Chorozoglou, Maria, Wood, Wendy, Roberts, Amanda, Thomas, Kim S., Williams, Hywel C. and Little, Paul 2015. Bath additives for the treatment of childhood eczema (BATHE): protocol for multicentre parallel group randomised trial. BMJ Open 5 (10) , e009575. 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009575

Cope, Anwen, Wood, Fiona Claire, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon 2015. General practitioners' attitudes towards the management of dental conditions and use of antibiotics in these consultations: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 5 (10) , e008551. 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008551

Bongard, E., Frimodt-Møller, N., Gal, M., Wootton, M., Howe, R., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Goossens, H. and Butler, Christopher Collett 2015. Analytic laboratory performance of a point of care urine culture kit for diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 34 (10) , pp. 2111-2119. 10.1007/s10096-015-2460-4

Turnbull, Sophie L, Redmond, Niamh M, Lucas, Patricia, Cabral, Christie, Ingram, Jenny, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Hay, Alastair D, Peters, Tim J, Horwood, Jeremy, Little, Paul, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Blair, Peter S 2015. The CHICO (Children's Cough) Trial protocol: a feasibility randomised controlled trial investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to improve the management of children presenting to primary care with acute respiratory tract infection. BMJ Open 5 (9) , pp. 1-7. 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008615

Gillespie, David, Hood, Kerenza, Bayer, Antony James, Carter, Ben Richard, Duncan, D., Espinasse, Aude, Evans, Meirion Rhys, Nuttall, Jacqueline, Stanton, Helen, Acharjya, A., Allen, S., Cohen, D., Groves, S., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Howe, R., Johansen, A., Mantzourani, Efthymia D., Thomas-Jones, Emma, Toghill, A., Wood, Fiona, Wigglesworth, Neil, Wootton, Mandy and Butler, Christopher Collet 2015. Antibiotic prescribing and associated diarrhoea: a prospective cohort study of care home residents. Age and Ageing 44 (5) , pp. 853-860. 10.1093/ageing/afv072

de Bont, Eefje G P M, Peetoom, Kirsten K B, Moser, Albine, Francis, Nicholas, Dinant, Geert-Jan and Cals, Jochen W L 2015. Childhood fever: a qualitative study on GPs' experiences during out-of-hours care. Family Practice 32 (4) , pp. 449-455. 10.1093/fampra/cmv029

Lugg, Fiona, Butler, Christopher Collett, Evans, Meirion Rhys, Wood, Fiona Claire and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2015. Parental views on childhood vaccination against viral gastroenteritis-a qualitative interview study. Family Practice 32 (4) , pp. 456-461. 10.1093/fampra/cmv035

Anthierens, Sibyl, Tonkin-Crine, Sarah, Cals, Jochen W., Coenen, Samuel, Yardley, Lucy, Brookes-Howell, Lucy, Fernandez-Vandellos, Patricia, Krawczyk, Jaroslaw, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Llor, Carl, Butler, Christopher Collett, Verheij, Theo, Goossens, Herman, Little, Paul and Francis, Nicholas 2015. Clinicians' views and experiences of interventions to enhance the quality of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections. Journal of General Internal Medicine 30 (4) , pp. 408-416. 10.1007/s11606-014-3076-6

Francis, Nicholas 2014. A local public campaign reduces outpatient antibiotic prescribing in Italy. Evidence Based Nursing 18 (1) , p. 27. 10.1136/eb-2013-101628

Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Cals, Jochen W. L., Francis, Nicholas, Verheij, Theo, Butler, Christopher C., Goossens, Herman, Zakowska, Izabela and Panasiuk, Lech 2014. Public beliefs on antibiotics and symptoms of respiratory tract infections among rural and urban population in Poland: a questionnaire study. PLoS ONE 9 (10) , e109248. 10.1371/journal.pone.0109248

Cope, Anwen, Wood, Fiona Claire, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon 2014. General dental practitioners' perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance: a qualitative interview study. British Dental Journal 217 (5) , pp. 653-660. 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.761

Davies, Freya, Risør, Mette Bech, Melbye, Hasse, Spigt, Mark, Brookes-Howell, Lucy, O'Neill, Claire, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Wollny, Anja, Andreeva, Elena, Butler, Chris and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2014. Primary and secondary care clinicians? views on self-treatment of COPD exacerbations: A multinational qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling 96 (2) , pp. 256-263. 10.1016/j.pec.2014.05.011

Olsen, Jonathan, Gallacher, John Edward, Piguet, Vincent and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2014. Development and validation of the Molluscum Contagiosum Diagnostic Tool for Parents: diagnostic accuracy study in primary care. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 64 (625) , e471-e476. 10.3399/bjgp14X680941

Tonkin-Crine, Sarah, Anthierens, Sibyl, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Brugman, Curt, Fernandez-Vandellos, Patricia, Krawczyk, Jaroslaw, Llor, Carl, Yardley, Lucy, Coenen, Samuel, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Butler, Christopher Collett, Verheij, Theo J.M., Goossens, Herman, Little, Paul and Cals, Jochen W. 2014. Exploring patients' views of primary care consultations with contrasting interventions for acute cough: a six-country European qualitative study. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 24 , 14026. 10.1038/npjpcrm.2014.26

Olsen, Jonathan, Gallacher, John, Piguet, Vincent and Francis, Nicholas 2014. Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum in children: a systematic review. Family Practice 31 (2) , pp. 130-136. 10.1093/fampra/cmt075

Hamoen, Marleen, Broekhuizen, Berna D.L., Little, Paul, Melbye, Hasse, Coenen, Samuel, Goossens, Herman, Butler, Christopher, Francis, Nicholas and Verheij, Theo J.M. 2014. Medication use in European primary care patients with lower respiratory tract infection: an observational study. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 64 (619) , e81-e91. 10.3399/bjgp14X677130

Cals, Jochen, Beckers, Pieter-Jan, de Bock, Leon, Francis, Nicholas, Hopstaken, Rogier, Hood, Kerenza, de Bont, Eefje, Butler, Christopher and Dinant, Geert-Jan 2014. Praten en prikken bij luchtweginfecties: 3,5 jaar follow-up [Talking and injecting in respiratory tract infections: 3.5 years follow-up]. Huisarts en wetenschap 57 (1) , pp. 6-9. 10.1007/s12445-014-0008-y

de Bont, Eefje G.P.M., Francis, Nicholas, Dinant, Geert-Jan and Cals, Jochen W.L. 2014. Parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practice in childhood fever: an internet-based survey. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 64 (618) , e10-e16. 10.3399/bjgp14X676401

Brophy, Sinead, Jones, Kerina H., Rahman, Muhammad A., Zhou, Shang-Ming, John, Ann, Atkinson, Mark D., Francis, Nicholas, Lyons, Ronan A. and Dunstan, Frank 2014. Response to Fujita et al. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 109 (1) , pp. 138-139. 10.1038/ajg.2013.352

Hood, Kerenza, Nuttall, Jacqueline, Gillespie, David, Shepherd, Victoria, Wood, Fiona, Duncan, Donna, Stanton, Helen, Espinasse, Aude, Wootton, Mandy, Acharjya, Aruna, Allen, Stephen, Bayer, Antony, Carter, Ben Richard, Cohen, David, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Howe, Robin A., Mantzourani, Efi, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Toghill, Alun and Butler, Christopher Collet 2014. Probiotics for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea (PAAD): a prospective observational study of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (including Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea) in care homes. Health Technology Assessment 18 (63) , p. 1. 10.3310/hta18630

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Phillips, Rhiannon, Wood, Fiona Claire, Hood, Kerenza, Simpson, Sharon Anne and Butler, Christopher Collett 2013. Parents' and clinicians' views of an interactive booklet about respiratory tract infections in children: a qualitative process evaluation of the EQUIP randomised controlled trial. BMC Family Practice 14 (1) , 182. 10.1186/1471-2296-14-182

Bates, Janine, Thomas-Jones, E, Kirby, N, Pickles, T, Thomas, Rhys, Bongard, E, Gal, M, Little, P, Verheij, T, Llor, C, Cohen, D, Francis, N, Hood, K and Butler, C 2013. Effects of an optimised POCT guided diagnostic and treatment strategy for symptoms of uncomplicated UTI on use of appropriate antibiotics and uptake into primary care practice. [Abstract]. Trials 14 (S1) , -. 10.1186/1745-6215-14-S1-P10

Yardley, Lucy, Douglas, Elaine, Anthierens, Sibyl, Tonkin-Crine, Sarah, O'Reilly, Gilly, Stuart, Beth, Geraghty, Adam W.A., Arden-Close, Emily, van der Velden, Alike W., Goosens, Herman, Verheij, Theo J.M., Butler, Chris C., Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Little, Paul 2013. Evaluation of a web-based intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for LRTI in six European countries: quantitative process analysis of the GRACE/INTRO randomised controlled trial. Implementation Science 8 , 134. 10.1186/1748-5908-8-134

Coenen, Samuel, Francis, Nicholas, Kelly, Mark, Hood, Kerenza, Nuttall, Jacqui, Little, Paul, Verheij, Theo J.M., Melbye, Hasse, Goossens, Herman and Butler, Christopher 2013. Are patient views about antibiotics related to clinician perceptions, management and outcome? A multi-country study in outpatients with acute cough. PLoS ONE 8 (10) , e76691. 10.1371/journal.pone.0076691

Little, Paul, Stuart, Beth, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Douglas, Elaine, Tonkin-Crine, Sarah, Anthierens, Sibyl, Cals, Jochen W. L., Melbye, Hasse, Santer, Miriam, Moore, Michael, Coenen, Samuel, Butler, Christopher Collett, Hood, Kerenza, Kelly, Mark James, Godycki-Cwirko, Maciek, Mierzecki, Artur, Torres, Antoni, Llor, Carl, Davies, Melanie, Mullee, Mark, O'Reilly, Gilly, van der Velden, Alike, Geraghty, Adam W. A., Goossens, Herman, Verheij, Theo and Yardley, Lucy 2013. Effects of internet-based training on antibiotic prescribing rates for acute respiratory-tract infections: a multinational, cluster, randomised, factorial, controlled trial. The Lancet 382 (9899) , pp. 1175-1182. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60994-0

Spasic, Irena, Greenwood, Mark, Preece, Alun David, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Elwyn, Glyn 2013. FlexiTerm: a flexible term recognition method. Journal of Biomedical Semantics 4 , 27. 10.1186/2041-1480-4-27

Greenwood, Mark, Elwyn, Glyn, Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Preece, Alun David and Spasic, Irena 2013. Automatic extraction of personal experiences from patients' blogs: A case study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Presented at: Third International Conference on Social Computing and its Applications, Karlsruhe, Germany, 30th September - 2nd October 2013.

Butler, Christopher Collett and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2013. Asthma prevalence and humoral immune response in Somali immigrants in the US: implications for the hygiene hypothesis [Editorial]. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 22 (3) , pp. 262-264. 10.4104/pcrj.2013.00081

Brophy, Sinead, Jones, Kerina H., Rahman, Muhammad A., Zhou, Shang-Ming, John, Ann, Atkinson, Mark D., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Lyons, Ronan A. and Dunstan, Frank David John 2013. Incidence of campylobacter and salmonella infections following first prescription for PPI: a cohort study using routine data. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 108 (7) , pp. 1094-1100. 10.1038/ajg.2013.30

Cals, J. W. L., de Bock, L., Beckers, P.-J. H. W., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Hopstaken, R. M., Hood, Kerenza, de Bont, E. G. P. M., Butler, Christopher Collett and Dinant, G.-J. 2013. Enhanced communication skills and C-reactive protein point-of-care testing for respiratory tract infection: 3.5-year follow-up of a cluster randomized trial. The Annals of Family Medicine 11 (2) , pp. 157-164. 10.1370/afm.1477

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Melbye, Hasse, Kelly, Mark J., Cals, Jochen W. L., Hopstaken, Rogier M., Coenen, Samuel and Butler, Christopher 2013. Variation in family physicians' recording of auscultation abnormalities in patients with acute cough is not explained by case mix. A study from 12 European networks. European Journal of General Practice 19 (2) , pp. 77-84. 10.3109/13814788.2012.733690

Risør, Mette Bech, Spigt, Mark, Iversen, R, Godycki-Cwirko, M, Francis, Nicholas, Altiner, A, Andreeva, E, Kung, K and Melbye, H 2013. The complexity of managing COPD exacerbations: a grounded theory study of European general practice. BMJ Open 3 (12) , e003861. 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003861

Cope, Anwen, Francis, Nicholas, Wood, Fiona, Mann, Mala K. and Chestnutt, Ivor Gordon 2012. Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (10) , CD010136. 10.1002/14651858.CD010136

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Gillespie, David, Nuttall, Jacqueline, Hood, Kerenza, Verheij, Theo, Goossens, Herman, Coenen, Samuel and Butler, Christopher Collett 2012. Delayed antibiotic prescribing and associated antibiotic consumption in adults with acute cough. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 62 (602) , e639-e646. 10.3399/bjgp12X654614

Saxena, Sonia, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Sharland, Mike 2012. Primary care of children: the unique role of GPs. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 62 (600) , pp. 340-341. 10.3399/bjgp12X652166

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Gillespie, David, Nuttall, Jacqueline, Hood, Kerenza, Little, Paul, Verheij, Theo, Coenen, Samuel, Cals, Jochen W., Goossens, Herman and Butler, Christopher Collett 2012. Antibiotics for acute cough: an international observational study of patient adherence in primary care. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 62 (599) , e429-e437. 10.3399/bjgp12X649124

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Cals, Jochen W., Butler, Christopher Collett, Hood, Kerenza, Verheij, Theo, Little, Paul, Goossens, Herman and Coenen, Samuel 2012. Severity assessment for lower respiratory tract infections: potential use and validity of the CRB-65 in primary care. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 21 (1) , pp. 65-70. 10.4104/pcrj.2011.00083

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Crocker, Joanna C., Gamper, Arla, Brookes-Howell, Lucy, Powell, Colin Victor Eric and Butler, Christopher Collett 2010. Missed opportunities for earlier treatment? A qualitative interview study with parents of children admitted to hospital with serious respiratory tract infections. Archives of Disease in Childhood 96 (2) , pp. 154-159. 10.1136/adc.2010.188680

McNulty, Cliodna A. M. and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2010. Optimizing antibiotic prescribing in primary care settings in the UK: findings of a BSAC multi-disciplinary workshop 2009. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65 (11) , pp. 2278-2284. 10.1093/jac/dkq361

Cals, Jochen W L and Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2010. Acute cough in adults. British Medical Journal (BMJ) 340 (c574) , pp. 534-535. 10.1136/bmj.c574

Stanton, Naomi, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Butler, Christopher Collett 2010. Reducing uncertainty in managing respiratory tract infections in primary care. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 60 (581) , e466-e475. 10.3399/bjgp10X544104

Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Butler, Christopher Collett 2010. Infections of the upper respiratory tract. In: Finch, Roger G., Greenwood, David, Norrby, S. Ragnar and Whitley, Richard J. eds. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. 9th ed., Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier, pp. 567-573.

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Butler, Christopher Collett, Hood, Kerenza, Simpson, Sharon Anne, Wood, Fiona Claire and Nuttall, Jacqueline 2009. Effect of using an interactive booklet about childhood respiratory tract infections in primary care consultations on reconsulting and antibiotic prescribing: a cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal (BMJ) 339 , b2885. 10.1136/bmj.b2885

Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2009. Development and evaluation of an interactive booklet for use in primary care consultations with children with respiratory tract infections. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.

Cals, Jochen W. L., Hood, Kerenza, Aaftink, Nienke, Hopstaken, Rogier M., Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Dinant, Geert-Jan and Butler, Christopher Collett 2009. Predictors of patient-initiated reconsultation for lower respiratory tract infections in general practice. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 59 (567) , pp. 761-764. 10.3399/bjgp09X472656

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, Wood, Fiona Claire, Simpson, Sharon Anne, Hood, Kerenza and Butler, Christopher Collett 2008. Developing an 'interactive' booklet on respiratory tract infections in children for use in primary care consultations. Patient Education and Counseling 73 (2) , pp. 286-293. 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.020

Francis, Nicholas, Hood, Kerenza, Simpson, Sharon, Wood, Fiona, Nuttall, Jacqueline and Butler, Christopher C. 2008. The effect of using an interactive booklet on childhood respiratory tract infections in consultations: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. BMC Family Practice 9 (1) , p. 23. 10.1186/1471-2296-9-23

Cosby, Jarold L., Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Butler, Christopher Collett 2008. Decline of antibiotic use in primary care - Authors' reply. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 8 (5) , p. 273. 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70076-8

Cosby, Jarold L., Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Butler, Christopher Collett 2007. The role of evidence in the decline of antibiotic use for common respiratory infections in primary care. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 7 (11) , pp. 749-756. 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70263-3

Butler, Christopher Collett, Francis, Nicholas Andrew and Dinant, Geert-Jan 2006. Whooping cough in general practice [Editorial]. British Medical Journal (BMJ) 333 (7560) , pp. 159-160. 10.1136/bmj.333.7560.159

Francis, Nicholas Andrew, McCambridge, J. and Rollnick, Stephen 2006. Understanding Confrontation through experimental study. Addiction -Abingdon- 101 (1) , pp. 137-138.

Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2006. The sore throat consultation [review]. Practitioner 250 (1682) , pp. 54-58.

Lindbaek, Morten, Francis, Nicholas, Cannings-John, Rebecca Louise, Butler, Christopher Collett and Hjortdahl, Per 2006. Clinical course of suspected viral sore throat in young adults: cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 24 (2) , pp. 93-97. 10.1080/02813430600638227

Francis, Nicholas Andrew 2005. Single subject trials in primary care. Postgraduate Medical Journal -London- 81 (959) , pp. 547-548. 10.1136/pgmj.2005.032581

Francis, Nicholas, Rollnick, Stephen, McCambridge, Jim, Butler, Christopher Collett, Lane, Claire and Hood, Kerenza 2005. When smokers are resistant to change: experimental analysis of the effect of patient resistance on practitioner behaviour. Addiction 100 (8) , pp. 1175-1182. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01124.x