Browse by Current Cardiff authors

Hay, Dale, Johansen, Mark, Daly, Peter, Hashmi, Salim, Robinson, Charlotte, Collishaw, Stephan and Van Goozen, Stephanie 2017. Seven-year-olds' aggressive choices in a computer game can be predicted in infancy. Developmental Science , pp. 917-936. 10.1111/desc.12576

Eyre, Olga, Langley, Kate, Stringaris, Argyris, Leibenluft, Ellen, Collishaw, Stephan and Thapar, Anita 2017. Irritability in ADHD: associations with depression liability. Journal of Affective Disorders 215 , pp. 281-287. 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.050

Langley, Kate, Collishaw, Stephan, Williams, Matthew and Shelton, Katherine 2017. An investigation of changes in children's mental health in Wales between 2007/2008 and 2012/2013. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 52 (6) , pp. 639-642. 10.1007/s00127-017-1378-9

Riglin, Lucy, Collishaw, Stephan, Richards, Alexander, Thapar, Ajay, Maughan, Barbara, O'Donovan, Michael Conlon and Thapar, Anita 2017. Schizophrenia polygenic risk score and psychotic risk detection - authors' reply. The Lancet Psychiatry 4 (3) , pp. 188-189. 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30052-4

Rice, Frances, Sellers, Ruth, Gemma, Hammerton,, Eyre, Olga, Bevan-Jones, Rhys, Thapar, Ajay, Collishaw, Stephan, Harold, Gordon and Thapar, Anita 2017. Antecedents of new-onset major depressive disorder in adolescence: a longitudinal familial high-risk study. JAMA Psychiatry 74 (2) , pp. 153-160. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3140

Riglin, Lucy, Collishaw, Stephan, Richards, Alexander, Thapar, Ajay, Maughan, Barbara, O'Donovan, Michael Conlon and Thapar, Anita 2017. Schizophrenia risk alleles and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry 4 (1) , pp. 57-62. 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30406-0

Stuart-Smith, Jenny, Thapar, Anita, Maughan, Barbara, Thapar, Ajay and Collishaw, Stephan 2017. Childhood hyperactivity and mood problems at mid-life: evidence from a prospective birth cohort. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 52 (1) , pp. 87-94. 10.1007/s00127-016-1285-5

Langley, Kate, Collishaw, Stephan, Williams, Matthew and Shelton, Katherine 2017. An investigation of changes in Welsh children's mental health between 2007/2008 and 2012/2013. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Item availability restricted.

Riglin, Lucy, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Ajay, Dalsgaard, Soren, Langley, Kate, Smith, George Davey, Stergiakouli, Evie, Maughan, Barbara, O'Donovan, Michael and Thapar, Anita 2016. Association of genetic risk variants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder trajectories in the general population. JAMA Psychiatry 73 (12) , pp. 1285-1292. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2817

Bevan-Jones, Rhys, Mars, Becky, Collishaw, Stephan, Potter, Robert, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Anita and Zammit, Stanley 2016. Prevalence and correlates of psychotic experiences amongst children of depressed parents. Psychiatry Research 243 , pp. 81-86. 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.012

Thapar, Ajay, Hood, Kerenza, Collishaw, Stephan, Hammerton, Gemma, Mars, Becky, Sellers, Ruth, Potter, Robert, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Anita and Rice, Frances 2016. Identifying key parent-reported symptoms for detecting depression in high risk adolescents. Psychiatry Research 242 , pp. 210-217. 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.025

Davidovich, Shiri, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Ajay K., Harold, Gordon, Thapar, Anita and Rice, Frances 2016. Do better executive functions buffer the effect of current parental depression on adolescent depressive symptoms? Journal of Affective Disorders 199 , pp. 54-64. 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.049

Riglin, Lucy, Collishaw, Stephan, Shelton, Katherine Helen, McManus, I. C., Ng-Knight, Terry, Sellers, Ruth, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Frederickson, Norah and Rice, Frances 2016. Higher cognitive ability buffers stress-related depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Development and Psychopathology 28 (1) , pp. 97-109. 10.1017/S0954579415000310

Sellers, Ruth, Hammerton, Gemma, Harold, Gordon, Mahedy, Liam, Potter, Robert, Langley, Kate, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Rice, Frances, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2016. Examining whether offspring psychopathology influences illness course in mothers with recurrent depression using a high-risk longitudinal sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 125 (2) , pp. 256-266. 10.1037/abn0000080

Collishaw, Stephan, Hammerton, Gemma, Mahedy, Liam, Sellers, Ruth, Owen, Michael John, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Rice, Frances and Thapar, Anita 2016. Mental health resilience in the adolescent offspring of parents with depression: a prospective longitudinal study. The Lancet Psychiatry 3 (1) , pp. 49-57. 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00358-2

Russell, Ginny, Collishaw, Stephan, Golding, Jean, Kelly, Susan E and Ford, Tamsin 2015. Changes in diagnosis rates and behavioural traits of autism spectrum disorder over time. British Journal of Psychiatry Open 1 (2) , pp. 110-115. 10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000976

Hammerton, Gemma, Zammit, Stanley, Sellers, Ruth, Thapar, Anita, Collishaw, Stephan, Mahedy, Liam and Pearson, Rebecca 2015. In Reply. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 54 (10) , pp. 868-869. 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.07.012

Collishaw, Stephan, Gardner, Frances, Lawrence Aber, J. and Cluver, Lucie 2015. Predictors of mental health resilience in children who have been parentally bereaved by AIDS in urban South Africa. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , pp. 1-12. 10.1007/s10802-015-0068-x

Hammerton, Gemma, Zammit, Stanley, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2015. Explaining risk for suicidal ideation in adolescent offspring of mothers with depression. Psychological Medicine -London- 46 (2) , pp. 265-275. 10.1017/S0033291715001671

Mars, B, Collishaw, Stephan, Hammerton, Gemma, Rice, Frances, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Smith, D, Bevan-Jones, Rhys, Sellers, Ruth, Potter, Robert, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Heron, J and Thapar, Anita 2015. Longitudinal symptom course in adults with recurrent depression: Impact on impairment and risk of psychopathology in offspring. Journal of Affective Disorders 182 , pp. 32-38. 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.018

Hammerton, Gemma, Mahedy, Liam, Mars, Becky, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Thapar, Anita, Zammit, Stanley and Collishaw, Stephan 2015. Association between maternal depression symptoms across the first eleven years of their child's life and subsequent offspring suicidal ideation. Plos One 10 (7) , e0131885. 10.1371/journal.pone.0131885

Kilford, Emma J., Foulkes, Lucy, Potter, Robert, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Anita and Rice, Frances 2015. Affective bias and current, past and future adolescent depression: a familial high risk study. Journal of Affective Disorders 174 , pp. 265-271. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.046

Collishaw, Stephan 2015. Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56 (3) , pp. 370-393. 10.1111/jcpp.12372

Hammerton, Gemma, Zammit, Stanley, Mahedy, Liam, Pearson, R. M., Sellers, Ruth, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2015. Pathways to suicide-related behavior in offspring of mothers with depression: the role of offspring psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 54 (5) , pp. 385-393. 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.02.006

Sellers, Ruth, Maughan, Barbara, Pickles, Andrew, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2015. Trends in parent- and teacher-rated emotional, conduct and ADHD problems and their impact in prepubertal children in Great Britain: 1999-2008. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56 (1) , pp. 49-57. 10.1111/jcpp.12273

Maughan, Barbara and Collishaw, Stephan 2015. Development and psychopathology: a life course perspective. In: Thapar, Anita, Pine, Daniel S., Leckman, James F., Scott, Stephen, Snowling, Margaret J. and Taylor, Eric eds. Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1-14. (10.1002/9781118381953.ch1)

Rawal, Adhip, Riglin, Lucy, Ng-Knight, Terry, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Anita and Rice, Frances 2014. A longitudinal high-risk study of adolescent anxiety, depression and parent-severity on the developmental course of risk-adjustment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 55 (11) , pp. 1270-1278. 10.1111/jcpp.12279

Harold, Gordon Thomas, Leve, Leslie D., Kim, Hyoun K., Mahedy, Liam, Gaysina, Darya, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2014. Maternal caregiving and girls' depressive symptom and antisocial behavior trajectories: An examination among high-risk youth. Development and Psychopathology 26 (4pt2) , pp. 1461-1475. 10.1017/S095457941400114X

Schepman, Karen, Fombonne, Eric, Collishaw, Stephan and Taylor, Eric 2014. Cognitive styles in depressed children with and without comorbid conduct disorder. Journal of Adolescence 37 (5) , pp. 622-631. 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.04.004

Eyre, Olga, Bevan-Jones, Rhys, Mars, B., Hammerton, Gemma, Sellers, Ruth, Potter, R., Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Rice, Frances, Collishaw, Stephan and Thapar, Anita 2014. Reported child awareness of parental depression. Psychiatric Bulletin 38 (3) , pp. 122-127. 10.1192/pb.bp.113.044198

Lewis, Gemma, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Anita and Harold, Gordon Thomas 2014. Parent-child hostility and child and adolescent depression symptoms: the direction of effects, role of genetic factors and gender. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 23 (5) , pp. 317-327. 10.1007/s00787-013-0460-4

Hammerton, Gemma, Zammit, Stanley, Potter, Robert, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2014. Validation of a composite of suicide items from the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) in offspring of recurrently depressed parents. Psychiatry Research 216 (1) , pp. 82-88. 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.040

Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Hammerton, Gemma, Collishaw, Stephan, Potter, Robert, Rice, Frances, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Anita and Smith, Daniel 2014. Detecting recurrent major depressive disorder within primary care rapidly and reliably using short questionnaire measures. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 64 (618) , e31-7. 10.3399/bjgp14X676438

Lewis, Katie J, Elam, Kit, Sellers, Ruth, Rhoades, Kimberly, Bevan-Jones, Rhys, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Rice, Frances, Collishaw, Stephan, Harold, Gordon Thomas and Thapar, Anita 2013. The Depression impairment scale for parents (DISP): A new scale for the measurement of impairment in depressed parents. Psychiatry Research 210 (3) , pp. 1184-1190. 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.001

Rawal, Adhip, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Anita and Rice, Frances 2013. A direct method of assessing underlying cognitive risk for adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 41 (8) , pp. 1279-1288. 10.1007/s10802-013-9760-x

Mars, Becky, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Elam, Kit K., Sellers, Ruth, Owen, Michael John, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Rice, Frances, Collishaw, Stephan and Thapar, Anita 2013. Specific parental depression symptoms as risk markers for new-onset depression in high-risk offspring. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74 (09) , pp. 925-931. 10.4088/JCP.12m08152

Sellers, Ruth, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Elam, Kit, Rhoades, Kimberly, Potter, Robert, Mars, Becky, Craddock, Nicholas John, Thapar, Anita and Collishaw, Stephan 2013. Maternal depression and co-occurring antisocial behaviour: testing maternal hostility and warmth as mediators of risk for offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 55 (2) , pp. 112-120. 10.1111/jcpp.12111

Maughan, B., Collishaw, Stephan and Stringaris, A. 2013. Depression in childhood and adolescence. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 22 (1) , pp. 35-40.

Rawal, A., Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Anita and Rice, Frances 2013. 'The risks of playing it safe': a prospective longitudinal study of response to reward in the adolescent offspring of depressed parents. Psychological Medicine 43 (1) , pp. 27-38. 10.1017/S0033291712001158

Swaden Lewis, Katie J., Mars, Becky, Lewis, Gemma, Rice, Frances, Sellers, Ruth, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Craddock, Nicholas John, Collishaw, Stephan and Thapar, Anita 2012. Do parents know best? Parent-reported vs. child-reported depression symptoms as predictors of future child mood disorder in a high-risk sample. Journal of Affective Disorders 141 (2-3) , pp. 233-236. 10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.008

Sellers, Ruth, Collishaw, Stephan, Rice, Frances, Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Potter, Robert, Mars, Becky, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Smith, Daniel J., Owen, Michael John, Craddock, Nicholas John and Thapar, Anita 2012. Risk of psychopathology in adolescent offspring of mothers with psychopathology and recurrent depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 202 (2) , pp. 108-114. 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.104984

Potter, Robert, Mars, Becky, Eyre, Olga, Legge, Sophie E., Ford, Tamsin, Sellers, Ruth, Craddock, Nicholas John, Rice, Frances, Collishaw, Stephan, Thapar, Anita and Thapar, Ajay Kumar 2012. Missed opportunities: mental disorder in children of parents with depression. British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) 62 (600) , e487-e493. 10.3399/bjgp12X652355

Schepman, Karen, Taylor, Eric, Collishaw, Stephan and Fombonne, Eric 2012. Face emotion processing in depressed children and adolescents with and without comorbid conduct disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 40 (4) , pp. 583-593. 10.1007/s10802-011-9587-2

Thapar, Anita, Collishaw, Stephan, Pine, Daniel S. and Thapar, Ajay Kumar 2012. Depression in adolescence. The Lancet 379 (9820) , pp. 1056-1067. 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4

Lewis, Gemma, Collishaw, Stephan, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Rice, Frances and Thapar, Anita 2012. Maternal depression and child and adolescent depression symptoms: an exploratory test for moderation by CRHR1, FKBP5 and NR3C1 gene variants. Behavior Genetics 42 (1) , pp. 121-132. 10.1007/s10519-011-9482-1

Collishaw, Stephan, Gardner, Frances, Maughan, Barbara, Scott, Jacqueline and Pickles, Andrew 2012. Do historical changes in parent-child relationships explain increases in youth conduct problems? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 40 (1) , pp. 119-132. 10.1007/s10802-011-9543-1

Mars, Becky, Collishaw, Stephan, Smith, Daniel J., Thapar, Ajay Kumar, Potter, Robert, Sellers, Ruth, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Craddock, Nicholas John, Rice, Frances and Thapar, Anita 2012. Offspring of parents with recurrent depression: which features of parent depression index risk for offspring psychopathology? Journal of affective disorders 136 (1-2) , pp. 44-53. 10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.002

Shelton, Katherine Helen, Collishaw, Stephan, Rice, Frances, Harold, Gordon Thomas and Thapar, Anita 2011. Using a genetically informative design to examine the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood conduct problems. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 20 (11-12) , pp. 571-579. 10.1007/s00787-011-0224-y

Langton, Emma Gore, Collishaw, Stephan, Goodman, Robert, Pickles, Andrew and Maughan, Barbara 2011. An emerging income differential for adolescent emotional problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 52 (10) , pp. 1081-1088. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02447.x

Schepman, Karen, Collishaw, Stephan, Gardner, Frances, Maughan, Barbara, Scott, Jacqueline and Pickles, Andrew 2011. Do changes in parent mental health explain trends in youth emotional problems? Social Science & Medicine 73 (2) , pp. 293-300. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.015

Lewis, Gemma, Rice, Frances, Harold, Gordon Thomas, Collishaw, Stephan and Thapar, Anita 2011. Investigating environmental links between parent depression and child depressive/anxiety symptoms using an assisted conception design. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 50 (5) , pp. 451-459. 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.015

Pickles, A., Aglan, A., Collishaw, Stephan, Messer, J., Rutter, M. and Maughan, B. 2010. Predictors of suicidality across the life span: The Isle of Wight study. Psychological Medicine 40 (9) , pp. 1453-1466. 10.1017/S0033291709991905

Collishaw, Stephan, Maughan, Barbara, Natarajan, Lucy and Pickles, Andrew 2010. Trends in adolescent emotional problems in England: a comparison of two national cohorts twenty years apart. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 51 (8) , pp. 885-894. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02252.x

Thapar, Anita, Collishaw, Stephan, Potter, Robert and Thapar, Ajay Kumar 2010. Managing and preventing depression in adolescents [Review]. British Medical Journal (BMJ) 340 , c209. 10.1136/bmj.c209

Goodman, Anna, Heiervang, Einar, Collishaw, Stephan and Goodman, Robert 2010. The 'DAWBA bands' as an ordered-categorical measure of child mental health: description and validation in British and Norwegian samples. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46 (6) , pp. 521-532. 10.1007/s00127-010-0219-x

Collishaw, Stephan, Goodman, Robert, Ford, Tamsin, Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia and Pickles, Andrew 2009. How far are associations between child, family and community factors and child psychopathology informant-specific and informant-general? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50 (5) , pp. 571-580. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02026.x

Maughan, B., Messer, J., Collishaw, Stephan, Pickles, A., Snowling, M., Yule, W. and Rutter, M. 2009. Persistence of literacy problems: spelling in adolescence and at mid-life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50 (8) , pp. 893-901. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02079.x

Schwaninger, Adrian, Lobmaier, Janek S., Wallraven, Christian and Collishaw, Stephan 2009. Two routes to face perception: evidence from psychophysics and computational modeling. Cognitive Science 33 (8) , pp. 1413-1440. 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01059.x

Maughan, Barbara, Collishaw, Stephan, Meltzer, Howard and Goodman, Robert 2008. Recent trends in UK child and adolescent mental health. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 43 (4) , pp. 305-310. 10.1007/s00127-008-0310-8

Ford, Tamsin, Collishaw, Stephan, Meltzer, Howard and Goodman, Robert 2007. A prospective study of childhood psychopathology: independent predictors of change over three years. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 42 (12) , pp. 953-961. 10.1007/s00127-007-0272-2

Collishaw, Stephan, Goodman, Robert, Pickles, Andrew and Maughan, Barbara 2007. Modelling the contribution of changes in family life to time trends in adolescent conduct problems. Social Science & Medicine 65 (12) , pp. 2576-2587. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.010

Goodman, Robert, Iervolino, Alessandra C., Collishaw, Stephan, Pickles, Andrew and Maughan, Barbara 2007. Seemingly minor changes to a questionnaire can make a big difference to mean scores: a cautionary tale. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 42 (4) , pp. 322-327. 10.1007/s00127-007-0169-0

Collishaw, Stephan, Pickles, Andrew, Messer, Julie, Rutter, Michael, Shearer, Christina and Maughan, Barbara 2007. Resilience to adult psychopathology following childhood maltreatment: Evidence from a community sample. Child Abuse & Neglect 31 (3) , pp. 211-229. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.004

Collishaw, Stephan, Dunn, Judy, O'Connor, Thomas G. and Golding, Jean 2007. Maternal childhood abuse and offspring adjustment over time. Development and Psychopathology 19 (02) , pp. 367-387. 10.1017/S0954579407070186

Maughan, B., Iervolino, A. C. and Collishaw, Stephan 2005. Time trends in child and adolescent mental disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 18 (4) , pp. 381-385. 10.1097/01.yco.0000172055.25284.f2

Collishaw, Stephan, Hole, G. J. and Schwaninger, A. 2005. Configural processing and perceptions of head tilt. Perception 34 (2) , pp. 163-168. 10.1068/p5216

Collishaw, Stephan, Maughan, B. and Pickles, A. 2005. Confounding factors for depression in adults with mild learning disability - Authors' reply. The British Journal of Psychiatry 187 (1) , p. 89. 10.1192/bjp.187.1.89-b

Collishaw, Stephan, Maughan, B., Goodman, R. and Pickles, A. 2004. Time trends in adolescent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (8) , pp. 1350-1362. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x

Collishaw, Stephan, Maughan, Barbara and Pickles, Andrew 2004. Affective problems in adults with mild learning disability: the roles of social disadvantage and ill health. The British Journal of Psychiatry 185 (4) , pp. 350-351. 10.1192/bjp.185.4.350

Collishaw, Stephan M. and Hole, Graham J 2002. Is there a linear or a nonlinear relationship between rotation and configural processing of faces? Perception 31 (3) , pp. 287-296. 10.1068/p3195

Collishaw, Stephan and Hole, G. J. 2000. Featural and configurational processes in the recognition of faces of different familiarity. Perception 29 (8) , pp. 893-909. 10.1068/p2949

Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, Stephan and Maughan, B. 1999. Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 34 (6) , pp. 333-341. 10.1007/s001270050153

Maughan, B., Collishaw, Stephan and Pickles, A. 1999. Mild mental retardation: psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Psychological Medicine 29 (2) , pp. 351-366. 10.1017/S0033291798008058

Maughan, B, Collishaw, Stephan and Pickles, A. 1998. School achievement and adult qualifications among adoptees: a longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39 (5) , pp. 669-685. 10.1111/1469-7610.00367

Collishaw, Stephan, Maughan, B. and Pickles, A. 1998. Infant adoption: psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 33 (2) , pp. 57-65. 10.1007/s001270050023