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Monique G. M. Willems, Matthew W. Kemp, Laura A. Fast, Nick M. M. Wagemaker, Leon E. W. Janssen, John P. Newnham, Matt S. Payne, Owen B. Spiller, Suhas G. Kallapur, Alan H. Jobe, Tammo Delhaas, Boris W. Kramer, Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
Pulmonary vascular changes in extremely preterm sheep after intra-amniotic exposure to Ureaplasma parvum and lipopolysaccharide
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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[()4()16()-20( )-13(\n)12()]TJ
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1 J
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11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 525.2031 cm
BT
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1 TL
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5.1874 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
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(veterinarian)Tj
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(during)Tj
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(the)Tj
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(the)Tj
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5.006 0 Td
(no)Tj
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(animals)Tj
-34.1345 -1.2982 Td
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(reaching)Tj
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(daily)Tj
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-34.8772 -1.2983 Td
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4.0421 0 Td
(suffering)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(distress,)Tj
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(flock)Tj
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(ultrasound-guided)Tj
7.6592 0 Td
(injections)Tj
-32.9667 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.473 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(staff)Tj
1.8879 0 Td
(experienced)Tj
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(these)Tj
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4.9662 0 Td
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3.2315 0 Td
(ewes)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F13 1 Tf
[()-12( )-13()-4()]TJ
2.2847 0 Td
[()16()-9()4()8()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(\))Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(randomized)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(receive)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(ultrasound-guided)Tj
7.6592 0 Td
(intra-)Tj
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(amniotic)Tj
3.7813 0 Td
(\(IA\))Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(injections)Tj
4.1215 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(x)Tj
0.6803 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 331.7669 338.6267 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(5)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 337.5496 334.2047 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(color-changing)Tj
6.3042 0 Td
(units)Tj
2.2223 0 Td
(\(CCU\))Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.965 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
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1.1396 0 Td
[()4()16()-20( )-13(\n)12()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.2825 0 Td
(serovar)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(days)Tj
-35.6255 -1.2982 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(preterm)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(birth)Tj
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(\(`UP')Tj
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(group\);)Tj
3.1746 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(mg)Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(LPS)Tj
1.7914 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F13 1 Tf
[()-4()-3()13()6()2()-9()4()13()18()4()]TJ
4.972 0 Td
[()7()10()12()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
1.559 0 Td
(055:B5;)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
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6.3042 0 Td
(St)Tj
-35.9373 -1.3039 Td
(Louis,)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(MO\))Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(diluted)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(2)Tj
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(saline)Tj
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(or)Tj
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(7)Tj
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(preterm)Tj
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(LPS')Tj
-35.6822 -1.2983 Td
(groups\))Tj
3.3109 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
/F14 1 Tf
(Fig)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
/F7 1 Tf
(\).)Tj
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(or)Tj
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(7)Tj
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(group\))Tj
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(assess)Tj
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(a)Tj
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(effect)Tj
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[()4()16()-20( )-13(\n)12()]TJ
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(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(separate)Tj
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(animals)Tj
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(IA)Tj
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1.2416 0 Td
[()]TJ
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(.)Tj
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1.1395 0 Td
[()4()16()-20( )-13(\n)12()]TJ
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3.2768 0 Td
(24)Tj
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(2)Tj
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(days)Tj
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(\(`UP+2d)Tj
3.6622 0 Td
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(group\))Tj
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(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(7)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(days)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(\(`UP+7d)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(LPS')Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(group\))Tj
2.948 0 Td
(before)Tj
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(preterm)Tj
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(fetuses)Tj
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(\(n)Tj
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(=)Tj
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(68)Tj
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(per)Tj
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(group\))Tj
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(were)Tj
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(prematurely)Tj
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(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(94)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(days)Tj
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(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
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(age)Tj
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(\(dGA\))Tj
2.829 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(Caesarean)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(\(term)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(at)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
0.9524 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(147)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(dGA\).)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(Following)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(euthanasia)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ewe)Tj
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(using)Tj
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(intra-)Tj
-35.0416 -1.2983 Td
(venous)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(pentobarbital,)Tj
5.8053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(fetus)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(euthanized.)Tj
4.8415 0 Td
(Lung)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(lower)Tj
-35.1663 -1.2983 Td
(lobe)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(\(RLL\))Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(snap-frozen)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(analysis.)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(lobe)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(\(RUL\))Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(inflation-)Tj
-32.7796 -1.2982 Td
(fixated)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(30)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(cm)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(H)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 272.8062 189.5244 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 276.3212 191.2251 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(O)Tj
0.9694 0 Td
(pressure)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(10%)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(buffered)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(formalin,)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(administered)Tj
5.4879 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bronchus,)Tj
-33.046 -1.3039 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(processed)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(paraffin)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(embedding.)Tj
4.955 0 Td
(Vessels)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(fixated)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(separately.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 151.9937 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Immunohistochemi)Tj
8.3008 0 Td
(stry)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 134.9858 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Paraffin-embedded)Tj
7.9369 0 Td
(RUL)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(tissues)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(cut)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(\(4)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
1.0318 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(m\))Tj
1.8879 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(stained)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(CD3)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(T)Tj
0.8277 0 Td
(cells,)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(for)Tj
-34.9793 -1.2982 Td
(myeloperoxidase)Tj
6.9675 0 Td
(\(MPO\))Tj
3.101 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(detect)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(activated)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(neutrophils)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(monocytes,)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(for)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.3889 0 Td
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
(-smooth)Tj
-31.9405 -1.2983 Td
(muscle)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(actin)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F16 1 Tf
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
(-SMA\))Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(visualize)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(tunica)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(media)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(arterioles)Tj
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