%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Emily R. Smith, Lisa Hurt, Ranadip Chowdhury, Bireshwar Sinha, Wafaie Fawzi, Karen M. Edmond, on behalf of the Neovita Study Group
Delayed breastfeeding initiation and infant survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 11 0 R/Contents 12 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
11 0 obj
[13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R]
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref001)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref002)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref002)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref003)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref004)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref005)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref004)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref006)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref007)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref011)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref012)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref014)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref015)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref016)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 28 0 R>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>
endobj
12 0 obj
[29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R]
endobj
29 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
0 w
575.9997 647.9101 m
199.9998 647.9101 l
199.9998 648.4102 l
575.9997 648.4102 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
407.2819 574.8661 m
412.0441 574.8661 l
h
f*
308.2394 548.9008 m
313.0016 548.9008 l
h
f*
365.8961 522.8787 m
370.6583 522.8787 l
h
f*
487.1055 509.8961 m
491.8677 509.8961 l
h
f*
279.1559 418.9039 m
283.9181 418.9039 l
h
f*
288.3969 418.9039 m
293.1591 418.9039 l
h
f*
408.7559 405.8646 m
413.5181 405.8646 l
h
f*
550.9984 392.8819 m
555.7606 392.8819 l
h
f*
335.2252 366.8598 m
339.9874 366.8598 l
h
f*
345.1465 366.8598 m
354.6709 366.8598 l
h
f*
203.4142 340.8945 m
212.9386 340.8945 l
h
f*
218.0976 340.8945 m
227.622 340.8945 l
h
f*
316.7433 301.8898 m
326.2677 301.8898 l
h
f*
314.5323 81.9213 m
324 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
11.4998 0 0 11.4998 200.0125 706.3937 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0035 Tc
0 0 Td
(Conclusions)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 689.3858 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(Policy)Tj
2.8525 0 Td
(frameworks)Tj
5.341 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8679 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.4075 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(estimate)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(newborn)Tj
4.0043 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8679 0 Td
(infant)Tj
2.6377 0 Td
(survival,)Tj
3.8431 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.2652 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.9156 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.2651 0 Td
(health)Tj
-35.2807 -1.474 Td
(facility)Tj
2.9599 0 Td
(policies,)Tj
3.7835 0 Td
(should)Tj
3.1271 0 Td
(consider)Tj
3.9505 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5934 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.9506 0 Td
(independent)Tj
5.6514 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.6436 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.3632 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
-31.0676 -1.468 Td
(initiation.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 605.9338 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 588.9826 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Five)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(million)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(deaths)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(younger)Tj
3.515 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(five)Tj
1.6555 0 Td
(years)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(globally)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(2015;)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(almost)Tj
-34.3556 -1.3039 Td
(half)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(\(46%\))Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(occurred)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(An)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(even)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(children)Tj
-33.6073 -1.2982 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(affected)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(prematurity,)Tj
5.2214 0 Td
(malnutrition,)Tj
5.5785 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(septicaemia,)Tj
5.1137 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(serious)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(physical)Tj
-34.3613 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(neurological)Tj
5.1873 0 Td
(sequelae)Tj
3.566 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Interventions)Tj
5.6126 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(implemented)Tj
5.5332 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(scale,)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(starting)Tj
3.2655 0 Td
(before)Tj
-34.333 -1.3039 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(continuing)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
(throughout)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(postnatal)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(period,)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(needed)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(reduce)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.1175 -1.2983 Td
(morbidity)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(young)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Currently,)Tj
4.3484 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(50%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(world)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(are)Tj
-35.1493 -1.2982 Td
(breastfed)Tj
3.855 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(life,)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(60%)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(exclusively)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(breastfed)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(World)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(Health)Tj
-34.5937 -1.304 Td
(Organization)Tj
5.5218 0 Td
(\(WHO\))Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(recommends)Tj
5.4425 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(newborns)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(initiate)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.5405 -1.2982 Td
(birth,)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(recommendation)Tj
7.1375 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8391 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(supported)Tj
4.2633 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(official)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(WHO)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(guideline.)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(Additional)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(evi-)Tj
-36.0961 -1.2983 Td
(dence)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(needed)Tj
3.0955 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(inform)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(public)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(investment)Tj
4.6601 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.5999 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(implementation)Tj
6.6387 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.07 -1.3039 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(programs.)Tj
-8.9234 -1.2983 Td
(Systematic)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(reviews)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(published)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(2013)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(2015)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
-33.1651 -1.2982 Td
(\(defined)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(reviews)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8177 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth\))Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(reduced)Tj
-32.995 -1.2983 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2642 0 Td
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(association)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(subgroup)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3221 0 Td
(which)Tj
-33.4145 -1.3039 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(risks)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(exclusively)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(breastfed)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9232 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.4952 -1.2983 Td
(not)Tj
1.5703 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(independent)Tj
5.2781 0 Td
(intervention)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(Lancet)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(2013)Tj
2.1204 0 Td
(Nutrition)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(Series)Tj
2.5399 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-34.7582 -1.2982 Td
(Substantial)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(association)Tj
4.6261 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(mortal-)Tj
-34.452 -1.304 Td
(ity)Tj
1.2415 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(recently)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(become)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.668 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(cohorts)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mothers)Tj
-32.6775 -1.2982 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(participated)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(vitamin)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9071 0 Td
(trials)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Ghana,)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
(India,)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Tanzania)Tj
-33.4372 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5432 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(cohorts)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(examine)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(association)Tj
4.6262 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(early)Tj
-33.2785 -1.3039 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(\(defined)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth\))Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(post-)Tj
-35.3194 -1.2983 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(mortality.)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(trials)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(provided)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8766 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9232 0 Td
(among)Tj
-34.1686 -1.2982 Td
(exclusively)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(breastfed)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-10.1366 -1.304 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(reports)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(systematic)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(review)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(published)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.447 0 Td
(De-)Tj
-34.6108 -1.2982 Td
(cember)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(2015)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(updates)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(pooled)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(estimates)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(associations)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(delayed)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(initi-)Tj
-35.5519 -1.2983 Td
(ation)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6624 0 Td
(mortality.)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.8715 -1.2983 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(\(within)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth\))Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(delayed)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9232 0 Td
(\(223)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(24)Tj
-35.3081 -1.3039 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(birth\))Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(28)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(days\).)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
-31.8385 -1.2982 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1941 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(update)Tj
-34.4067 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(previous)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(meta-analyses.)Tj
6.0378 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(between)Tj
-31.6684 -1.3039 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(infant)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(morbidity)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(growth.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 170.022 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Methods)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
0 -1.5023 Td
(Protocol)Tj
3.8456 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8662 0 Td
(registration)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 134.9858 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(protocol)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(review)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(co-authors)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(examining)Tj
4.456 0 Td
(existing)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(review)Tj
-34.2423 -1.2982 Td
(articles.)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(registered)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(protocol)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(International)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(Prospective)Tj
4.8246 0 Td
(Register)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Systematic)Tj
-32.3431 -1.2983 Td
(Reviews)Tj
3.4525 0 Td
(\(PROSPERO\))Tj
5.7997 0 Td
(\(Registration)Tj
5.4255 0 Td
(Number)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(CRD42015032321\).)Tj
8.039 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(MOOSE)Tj
-31.5777 -1.3039 Td
(Guidelines)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(meta-analysis)Tj
5.6523 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(observational)Tj
5.5785 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(conducting)Tj
4.7565 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(search,)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
-33.1254 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(writing)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(manuscript)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 417.1464 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Delayed)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(breastfee)Tj
4.0961 0 Td
(ding)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.8055 0 Td
(meta-ana)Tj
4.1528 0 Td
(lysis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01807)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(22)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(July)Tj
1.9701 0 Td
(26,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2017)Tj
35.3483 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
30 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
31 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
32 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
33 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
34 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
35 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
36 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
37 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(16)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 47 0 R/Contents 48 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
47 0 obj
[49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R]
endobj
49 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.s001)>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.t001)>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref017)>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref018)>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref019)>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 55 0 R>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<>
endobj
48 0 obj
[56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R]
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
346.6205 365.4425 m
376.3276 365.4425 l
h
f*
305.5748 204.2079 m
334.7717 204.2079 l
h
f*
281.6504 191.1685 m
291.1748 191.1685 l
h
f*
295.5969 191.1685 m
305.1213 191.1685 l
h
f*
469.7575 107.9433 m
479.2252 107.9433 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 706.0535 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Inclusion)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8662 0 Td
(exclusion)Tj
4.3323 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 689.1023 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(observational)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9821 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(cross-sectional)Tj
6.1001 0 Td
(studies,)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(cohort)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(studies,)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(case-con-)Tj
-32.8136 -1.3039 Td
(trol)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(studies\))Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(randomized)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(trials,)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(association)Tj
4.6261 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(breast-)Tj
-33.7604 -1.2982 Td
(feeding)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(mortality,)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(morbidity,)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(nutrition)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(12)Tj
-36.3342 -1.2983 Td
(months)Tj
3.2824 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(initiated)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(breastfeeding.)Tj
5.7883 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(date)Tj
-34.4974 -1.3039 Td
(restrictions.)Tj
4.9435 0 Td
(Studies)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(excluded)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.771 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(non-human)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(studies,)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(case)Tj
1.8651 0 Td
(reports)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(case)Tj
1.8596 0 Td
(study)Tj
-34.9056 -1.2983 Td
(designs,)Tj
3.3958 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(published)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(abstract)Tj
3.3506 0 Td
(form)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(only.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 596.8062 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Definitions)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 579.7984 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(exposure)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interest)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(time.)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
-29.8089 -1.2982 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(\(within)Tj
3.1522 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth\))Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(delayed)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(\(223)Tj
-34.5257 -1.2983 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(birth\).)Tj
2.7609 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9232 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(than)Tj
-34.8772 -1.3039 Td
(24)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(more.)Tj
-8.2998 -1.2983 Td
(Specific)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interest)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(included:)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(28)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(days\),)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(infant)Tj
-33.0971 -1.2982 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(six)Tj
1.3153 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(180)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(days\),)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(infant)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(months)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(360)Tj
-33.4259 -1.3039 Td
(days\).)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(Specific)Tj
3.3051 0 Td
(morbidity)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(nutrition)Tj
3.855 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interest)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(included:)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(diarrhea,)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(respiratory)Tj
-31.7421 -1.2983 Td
(infection,)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(sepsis,)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(omphalitis,)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(hypothermia,)Tj
5.5956 0 Td
(weight)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(loss,)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(weight-for-age)Tj
6.0774 0 Td
(\(WAZ\),)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(length-for-)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(age)Tj
-35.892 -1.2983 Td
(\(LAZ\),)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(weight-for-length)Tj
7.2623 0 Td
(\(WLZ\),)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(hospitalization.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 448.5543 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Search)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 431.5464 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(electronic)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(searches)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(December)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(915,)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(2015.)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(searched)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(Pubmed,)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(Embase,)Tj
-34.1572 -1.2982 Td
(Web)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Science,)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(CINAHL,)Tj
4.1782 0 Td
(Popline,)Tj
3.5093 0 Td
(LILACS,)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(AIM,)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Index)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(Medicus)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Eastern)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(Medi-)Tj
-34.2763 -1.3039 Td
(terranean)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(Region.)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(search)Tj
2.7609 0 Td
(strategy)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(included:)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(\(i\))Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(terms)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2939 0 Td
(papers)Tj
2.8459 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(breast-)Tj
-34.0778 -1.2983 Td
(feeding,)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(AND)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(\(ii\))Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(terms)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(papers)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(timing)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(OR)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(initiation,)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(AND)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(\(iii\))Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(terms)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(for)Tj
-36.1471 -1.2983 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(OR)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(morbidity)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(outcomes.)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(date)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(restrictions.)Tj
4.9436 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(full)Tj
1.525 0 Td
(search)Tj
2.761 0 Td
(strategy)Tj
-32.9497 -1.3039 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(database)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.0318 0 Td
(S1)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(Text)Tj
0 g
(.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 339.2503 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Study)Tj
2.7543 0 Td
(selection,)Tj
4.389 0 Td
(data)Tj
2.1449 0 Td
(collection,)Tj
4.6063 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8615 0 Td
(quality)Tj
3.0709 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 322.2425 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Two)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(reviewers)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(independently)Tj
5.9754 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(titles)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(abstracts)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(studies,)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(removed)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(dupli-)Tj
-33.613 -1.2982 Td
(cates,)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(categorized)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(eligible,)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(ineligible,)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(unclear)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(eligibility)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
-33.8964 -1.2983 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(above.)Tj
2.7722 0 Td
(Disagreements)Tj
6.1512 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(resolved)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(consultation)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(third)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(reviewer.)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(Two)Tj
-35.1663 -1.2982 Td
(reviewers)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(independently)Tj
5.9754 0 Td
(extracted)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(met)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(including:)Tj
-33.2955 -1.304 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(characteristics,)Tj
6.1341 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(quality,)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(estimates)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(showing)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(between)Tj
-33.6016 -1.2982 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(infant)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(morbidity)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(mortality.)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(When)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(available,)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(used)Tj
-33.8624 -1.2983 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(estimates)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(excluded)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(deaths)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(days)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(life)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(rule)Tj
-34.0778 -1.3039 Td
(out)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(reverse)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(causality.)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(developed)Tj
-31.5777 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(accordance)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(World)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(Health)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(Organization)Tj
5.5162 0 Td
(\(WHO\))Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(Child)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(Health)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(Epidemiology)Tj
5.7884 0 Td
(Re-)Tj
-35.053 -1.2982 Td
(ference)Tj
3.118 0 Td
(Group)Tj
2.863 0 Td
(\(CHERG\))Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Table)Tj
2.7837 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(overall)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(using)Tj
-32.9893 -1.304 Td
(GRADE)Tj
3.5432 0 Td
(guidelines)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 164.9763 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Analyses)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 148.0251 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(pooled)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(risks)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(95%)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(confidence)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(intervals)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(more)Tj
-33.0801 -1.3039 Td
(included)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(studies.)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(Because)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(heterogeneity)Tj
5.6522 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(apparent,)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(synthesis)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4276 0 Td
(using)Tj
-34.7978 -1.2982 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(meta-analysis.)Tj
5.879 0 Td
(Heterogeneity)Tj
5.8904 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(visually)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(Forest)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(Plots)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.5213 -1.2983 Td
(relative)Tj
3.135 0 Td
(risks,)Tj
2.3018 0 Td
(quantified)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(I)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 327.4015 113.4425 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 330.9732 109.0204 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.4422 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(Q)Tj
0.9638 0 Td
(statistic)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(tests)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Q)Tj
0.9638 0 Td
(tests)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(p)Tj
0.737 0 Td
(values)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
-34.3726 -1.3039 Td
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(0.05)Tj
2.6418 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(I)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 240.8314 100.4598 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 246.5574 95.9811 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(values)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
2.6702 0 Td
(>)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(50%)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(represent)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(substantial)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(heterogeneity.)Tj
5.8791 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
-33.5052 -1.2982 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(done)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(STATA)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(14)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(software.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 417.1464 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Delayed)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(breastfee)Tj
4.0961 0 Td
(ding)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.8055 0 Td
(meta-ana)Tj
4.1528 0 Td
(lysis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01807)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(22)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(July)Tj
1.9701 0 Td
(26,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2017)Tj
35.3483 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(16)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 71 0 R/Contents 72 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
71 0 obj
[73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R]
endobj
73 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.g001)>>
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref007)>>
endobj
75 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref011)>>
endobj
76 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref015)>>
endobj
77 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref020)>>
endobj
78 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref035)>>
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.s003)>>
endobj
80 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref025)>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref027)>>
endobj
82 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref015)>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref012)>>
endobj
84 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref014)>>
endobj
85 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref035)>>
endobj
86 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref009)>>
endobj
87 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref012)>>
endobj
88 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref015)>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref027)>>
endobj
90 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref030)>>
endobj
91 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref033)>>
endobj
92 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref007)>>
endobj
93 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref008)>>
endobj
94 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref010)>>
endobj
95 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref011)>>
endobj
96 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref020)>>
endobj
97 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref024)>>
endobj
98 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref028)>>
endobj
99 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref029)>>
endobj
100 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref034)>>
endobj
101 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.s004)>>
endobj
102 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref009)>>
endobj
103 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref010)>>
endobj
104 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref012)>>
endobj
105 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref015)>>
endobj
106 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref020)>>
endobj
107 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref021)>>
endobj
108 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref027)>>
endobj
109 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref030)>>
endobj
110 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref033)>>
endobj
111 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref034)>>
endobj
112 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.t002)>>
endobj
113 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref012)>>
endobj
114 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref015)>>
endobj
115 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref027)>>
endobj
116 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref033)>>
endobj
117 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.g002)>>
endobj
118 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.ref030)>>
endobj
119 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0180722.s006)>>
endobj
120 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Lpone.0180722.t001)>>
endobj
121 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 123 0 R>>
endobj
123 0 obj
<>
endobj
122 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 124 0 R>>
endobj
124 0 obj
<>
endobj
72 0 obj
[125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R]
endobj
125 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
428.3717 354.8976 m
447.874 354.8976 l
h
f*
328.7055 341.915 m
333.4677 341.915 l
h
f*
338.6268 341.915 m
348.1512 341.915 l
h
f*
352.6299 341.915 m
362.0976 341.915 l
h
f*
366.5764 341.915 m
376.1008 341.915 l
h
f*
381.2598 341.915 m
390.7843 341.915 l
h
f*
399.7984 341.915 m
433.7008 341.915 l
h
f*
314.4189 328.9323 m
323.8866 328.9323 l
h
f*
329.1024 328.9323 m
338.5701 328.9323 l
h
f*
481.3228 315.9496 m
490.8472 315.9496 l
h
f*
556.4976 302.9102 m
566.022 302.9102 l
h
f*
200.0126 289.9276 m
209.537 289.9276 l
h
f*
388.063 289.9276 m
397.5307 289.9276 l
h
f*
232.9512 276.9449 m
237.7134 276.9449 l
h
f*
242.1354 276.9449 m
251.6598 276.9449 l
h
f*
256.8189 276.9449 m
266.3433 276.9449 l
h
f*
270.822 276.9449 m
280.3465 276.9449 l
h
f*
284.7685 276.9449 m
294.2929 276.9449 l
h
f*
299.452 276.9449 m
308.9764 276.9449 l
h
f*
539.263 276.9449 m
544.0252 276.9449 l
h
f*
548.5039 276.9449 m
553.2094 276.9449 l
h
f*
557.6882 276.9449 m
567.2126 276.9449 l
h
f*
200.0126 263.9055 m
209.537 263.9055 l
h
f*
213.9591 263.9055 m
223.4835 263.9055 l
h
f*
228.6425 263.9055 m
238.1669 263.9055 l
h
f*
242.6457 263.9055 m
252.1134 263.9055 l
h
f*
256.5921 263.9055 m
266.1165 263.9055 l
h
f*
270.5386 263.9055 m
280.063 263.9055 l
h
f*
289.0772 263.9055 m
322.9795 263.9055 l
h
f*
225.5811 237.9402 m
230.3433 237.9402 l
h
f*
234.822 237.9402 m
244.2898 237.9402 l
h
f*
248.7685 237.9402 m
258.2929 237.9402 l
h
f*
263.452 237.9402 m
272.9764 237.9402 l
h
f*
277.3984 237.9402 m
286.9228 237.9402 l
h
f*
291.4016 237.9402 m
300.8693 237.9402 l
h
f*
305.348 237.9402 m
314.8724 237.9402 l
h
f*
319.2945 237.9402 m
328.8189 237.9402 l
h
f*
333.2976 237.9402 m
342.822 237.9402 l
h
f*
347.2441 237.9402 m
356.7685 237.9402 l
h
f*
365.7827 237.9402 m
394.9228 237.9402 l
h
f*
233.0646 198.9354 m
242.589 198.9354 l
h
f*
247.748 198.9354 m
257.2724 198.9354 l
h
f*
261.6945 198.9354 m
271.2189 198.9354 l
h
f*
275.6976 198.9354 m
285.1654 198.9354 l
h
f*
396.5102 120.926 m
416.0693 120.926 l
h
f*
557.4047 107.9433 m
566.9291 107.9433 l
h
f*
231.4772 81.9213 m
255.7984 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 513.1275 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(planned)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5363 0 Td
(stratified)Tj
3.7531 0 Td
(meta-analyses)Tj
5.811 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(explore)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(sources)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(heterogeneity)Tj
-30.5629 -1.2982 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(association)Tj
4.6261 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(infant)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(morbidity.)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(We)Tj
-34.8318 -1.3039 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2257 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(subgroups)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
4.3653 0 Td
[()]TJ
0.703 0 Td
[()11()-9()4()11()-9()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(:)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(\(comparing)Tj
4.9152 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9536 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(low)Tj
-35.6199 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(studies\);)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(birthweight)Tj
4.8586 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(2500)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(g\))Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(normal)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(birthweight)Tj
-31.0334 -1.2983 Td
(infants;)Tj
3.1917 0 Td
(exclusively)Tj
4.5128 0 Td
(breastfed)Tj
3.855 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(exclusively)Tj
4.5128 0 Td
(breastfed)Tj
-31.9122 -1.2982 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(\(including)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(partial)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(predominant)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
(breastfeeding\);)Tj
6.1228 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(income)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(\(HIC\))Tj
2.6703 0 Td
(com-)Tj
-35.3081 -1.3039 Td
(pared)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(low-)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(middle-income)Tj
6.3722 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(\(LMIC\))Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(\(as)Tj
1.3549 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(World)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(Bank;)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(HIV-)Tj
-35.2174 -1.2983 Td
(exposed)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(HIV-unexposed)Tj
6.6727 0 Td
(infants.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 386.022 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Results)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 369.0141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(4825)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(records.)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(removing)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(1317)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(duplicates,)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(screened)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(3508)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(titles)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.6936 -1.3039 Td
(abstracts.)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(184)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(papers)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(full)Tj
1.5194 0 Td
(text)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(screening)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8141 0 Td
(1)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.2529 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8958 0 Td
(total)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(22)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(papers)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(eligi-)Tj
-35.5745 -1.2982 Td
(ble)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
2.7326 0 Td
(15)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
2.9821 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(S1)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(Table)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(Three)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(papers)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(referred)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
-35.4895 -1.2983 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.5432 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(subsequently)Tj
5.4085 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(study,)Tj
-33.1424 -1.2983 Td
(Edmond)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(2006.)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(One)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(contained)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(pooled)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(requested)Tj
-32.927 -1.3039 Td
(study-specific)Tj
5.7089 0 Td
(estimates)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(site)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(individually)Tj
4.989 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-35.3081 -1.2982 Td
(14)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(One)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(categorised)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(high)Tj
2.007 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(seven)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(moderate)Tj
-33.6923 -1.2983 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9536 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2586 0 Td
(12)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
2.8687 0 Td
(27)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(30)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(33)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2643 0 Td
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.9184 0 Td
(10)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-35.7673 -1.3039 Td
(11)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
2.8686 0 Td
(28)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3947 0 Td
(29)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(34)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(S2)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(Table)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
-8.878 -1.2983 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(11)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5616 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(mor-)Tj
-34.7015 -1.2983 Td
(tality)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2643 0 Td
(10)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(12)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
2.863 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(21)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(27)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3947 0 Td
(30)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(33)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(34)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Table)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(2)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(pooled)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(five)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(which)Tj
-32.7456 -1.3039 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(association)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(delayed)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(\(223)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(or)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
0 Tc
1.0998 0 Td
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(24)Tj
1.9446 0 Td
(hours\))Tj
-34.5541 -1.2982 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F5 1 Tf
0 Tc
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(1)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(hour\))Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(mortality,)Tj
4.1443 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(136,047)Tj
-34.3556 -1.2983 Td
(infants)Tj
2.965 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
3.2031 0 Td
(27)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(33)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(dose)Tj
2.041 0 Td
(response)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(relationship;)Tj
5.2158 0 Td
(increasing)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(delay)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.5837 -1.3039 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(increasing)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(mortality.)Tj
-31.3849 -1.2983 Td
(Infants)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(initiated)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5616 0 Td
(223)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1941 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(33%)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
-33.0234 -1.2982 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(\(95%)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(CI:)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(1356%\),)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(infants)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(initiated)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
0 Tc
5.5559 0 Td
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(24)Tj
1.9446 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(birth)Tj
-33.8341 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(twice)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(likely)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(die)Tj
1.4344 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(\(pooled)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(RR)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(2.19,)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(95%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(CI:)Tj
-34.3103 -1.3039 Td
(1.732.77\))Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2407 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(initiated)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth.)Tj
-33.1197 -1.2983 Td
(There)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(heterogeneity)Tj
5.6523 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.364 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(2)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.2585 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(pooled)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(categorised)Tj
4.7224 0 Td
(as)Tj
-36.5666 -1.2983 Td
(`moderate')Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(quality.)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(sensitivity)Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(analysis,)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(estimates)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(Garcia)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
2.863 0 Td
[()8()]TJ
0.9127 0 Td
[()11( )]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
1.1622 0 Td
(2011)Tj
2.126 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
-35.3988 -1.3039 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(`early)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(initiation')Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(breastfeeding)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 Tc
3.9231 0 Td
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(12)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(hours,)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(similar)Tj
-33.2445 -1.2982 Td
(results)Tj
2.8062 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(S1)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 703.8893 m
576 703.8893 l
576 703.3893 l
36 703.3893 l
f*
74.8882 703.3893 m
74.8882 681.3893 l
74.3882 681.3893 l
74.3882 703.3893 l
f*
74.3882 681.3893 m
36 681.3893 l
36 681.8893 l
74.3882 681.8893 l
f*
130.7871 703.3893 m
130.7871 681.3893 l
130.2871 681.3893 l
130.2871 703.3893 l
f*
130.2871 681.3893 m
74.8882 681.3893 l
74.8882 681.8893 l
130.2871 681.8893 l
f*
192.8049 703.3893 m
192.8049 681.3893 l
192.3049 681.3893 l
192.3049 703.3893 l
f*
192.3049 681.3893 m
130.7871 681.3893 l
130.7871 681.8893 l
192.3049 681.8893 l
f*
297.8076 703.3893 m
297.8076 681.3893 l
297.3076 681.3893 l
297.3076 703.3893 l
f*
297.3076 681.3893 m
192.8049 681.3893 l
192.8049 681.8893 l
297.3076 681.8893 l
f*
348.774 703.3893 m
348.774 681.3893 l
348.2739 681.3893 l
348.2739 703.3893 l
f*
348.2739 681.3893 m
297.8076 681.3893 l
297.8076 681.8893 l
348.2739 681.8893 l
f*
461.8389 703.3893 m
461.8389 681.3893 l
461.3389 681.3893 l
461.3389 703.3893 l
f*
461.3389 681.3893 m
348.774 681.3893 l
348.774 681.8893 l
461.3389 681.8893 l
f*
576 681.3893 m
461.8389 681.3893 l
461.8389 681.8893 l
576 681.8893 l
f*
74.8882 681.3893 m
74.8882 649.8893 l
74.3882 649.8893 l
74.3882 681.3893 l
f*
74.3882 649.8893 m
36 649.8893 l
36 650.3893 l
74.3882 650.3893 l
f*
130.7871 681.3893 m
130.7871 649.8893 l
130.2871 649.8893 l
130.2871 681.3893 l
f*
130.2871 649.8893 m
74.8882 649.8893 l
74.8882 650.3893 l
130.2871 650.3893 l
f*
192.8049 681.3893 m
192.8049 618.3893 l
192.3049 618.3893 l
192.3049 681.3893 l
f*
192.3049 618.3893 m
130.7871 618.3893 l
130.7871 618.8893 l
192.3049 618.8893 l
f*
297.8076 681.3893 m
297.8076 618.3893 l
297.3076 618.3893 l
297.3076 681.3893 l
f*
297.3076 618.3893 m
192.8049 618.3893 l
192.8049 618.8893 l
297.3076 618.8893 l
f*
348.774 681.3893 m
348.774 649.8893 l
348.2739 649.8893 l
348.2739 681.3893 l
f*
348.2739 649.8893 m
297.8076 649.8893 l
297.8076 650.3893 l
348.2739 650.3893 l
f*
461.8389 681.3893 m
461.8389 586.8893 l
461.3389 586.8893 l
461.3389 681.3893 l
f*
461.3389 586.8893 m
348.774 586.8893 l
348.774 587.3893 l
461.3389 587.3893 l
f*
576 586.8893 m
461.8389 586.8893 l
461.8389 587.3893 l
576 587.3893 l
f*
74.8882 649.8893 m
74.8882 618.3893 l
74.3882 618.3893 l
74.3882 649.8893 l
f*
74.3882 618.3893 m
36 618.3893 l
36 618.8893 l
74.3882 618.8893 l
f*
130.7871 649.8893 m
130.7871 618.3893 l
130.2871 618.3893 l
130.2871 649.8893 l
f*
130.2871 618.3893 m
74.8882 618.3893 l
74.8882 618.8893 l
130.2871 618.8893 l
f*
348.774 649.8893 m
348.774 618.3893 l
348.2739 618.3893 l
348.2739 649.8893 l
f*
348.2739 618.3893 m
297.8076 618.3893 l
297.8076 618.8893 l
348.2739 618.8893 l
f*
74.8882 618.3893 m
74.8882 586.8893 l
74.3882 586.8893 l
74.3882 618.3893 l
f*
74.3882 586.8893 m
36 586.8893 l
36 587.3893 l
74.3882 587.3893 l
f*
130.7871 618.3893 m
130.7871 586.8893 l
130.2871 586.8893 l
130.2871 618.3893 l
f*
130.2871 586.8893 m
74.8882 586.8893 l
74.8882 587.3893 l
130.2871 587.3893 l
f*
192.8049 618.3893 m
192.8049 555.3893 l
192.3049 555.3893 l
192.3049 618.3893 l
f*
192.3049 555.3893 m
130.7871 555.3893 l
130.7871 555.8893 l
192.3049 555.8893 l
f*
297.8076 618.3893 m
297.8076 555.3893 l
297.3076 555.3893 l
297.3076 618.3893 l
f*
297.3076 555.3893 m
192.8049 555.3893 l
192.8049 555.8893 l
297.3076 555.8893 l
f*
348.774 618.3893 m
348.774 586.8893 l
348.2739 586.8893 l
348.2739 618.3893 l
f*
348.2739 586.8893 m
297.8076 586.8893 l
297.8076 587.3893 l
348.2739 587.3893 l
f*
74.8882 586.8893 m
74.8882 555.3893 l
74.3882 555.3893 l
74.3882 586.8893 l
f*
74.3882 555.3893 m
36 555.3893 l
36 555.8893 l
74.3882 555.8893 l
f*
130.7871 586.8893 m
130.7871 555.3893 l
130.2871 555.3893 l
130.2871 586.8893 l
f*
130.2871 555.3893 m
74.8882 555.3893 l
74.8882 555.8893 l
130.2871 555.8893 l
f*
348.774 586.8893 m
348.774 555.3893 l
348.2739 555.3893 l
348.2739 586.8893 l
f*
348.2739 555.3893 m
297.8076 555.3893 l
297.8076 555.8893 l
348.2739 555.8893 l
f*
461.8389 586.8893 m
461.8389 555.3893 l
461.3389 555.3893 l
461.3389 586.8893 l
f*
461.3389 555.3893 m
348.774 555.3893 l
348.774 555.8893 l
461.3389 555.8893 l
f*
576 555.3893 m
461.8389 555.3893 l
461.8389 555.8893 l
576 555.8893 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
36 542.3244 m
186.7465 542.3244 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 708.7181 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Table)Tj
2.7992 0 Td
(1.)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(Criteria)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.53 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.1551 0 Td
(classify)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.6937 0 Td
(quality)Tj
3.4087 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.1551 0 Td
(included)Tj
4.2875 0 Td
(studies.)Tj
0 Tc
-20.6152 -1.8567 Td
(Study)Tj
3.0048 0 Td
(Design)Tj
4.1457 0 Td
(Selection)Tj
4.6701 0 Td
(Bias)Tj
5.2441 0 Td
(Informat)Tj
3.9828 0 Td
(ion)Tj
1.7362 0 Td
(Bias)Tj
5.9953 0 Td
(Attrition)Tj
0.9425 -1.1834 Td
(bias)Tj
8.1355 1.1834 Td
(Confoun)Tj
4.1103 0 Td
(ding)Tj
8.9859 0 Td
(Reverse)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(Causality)Tj
-60.1941 -2.7496 Td
(High)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
7.2992 0 Td
(RCT)Tj
5.889 0 Td
(Populat)Tj
3.3591 0 Td
(ion-)Tj
-2.2039 -1.1835 Td
(based)Tj
-1.1339 -1.1905 Td
(recruitme)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(nt)Tj
3.0898 2.374 Td
(Assessed)Tj
4.5426 0 Td
(exposure)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(within)Tj
-9.0568 -1.1835 Td
(30)Tj
1.3252 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0559 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1615 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.885 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2111 0 Td
(to)Tj
-6.9733 -1.1905 Td
(outcome)Tj
10.0701 2.374 Td
(Loss)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(to)Tj
-2.6858 -1.1835 Td
(follow)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(up)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-2.1118 -1.1905 Td
[( )]TJ
/F0 1 Tf
(10%)Tj
5.2866 2.374 Td
(Model)Tj
2.9268 0 Td
(adjusts)Tj
3.3804 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
-7.7033 -1.1835 Td
(age)Tj
1.8851 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.715 0 Td
(birthweig)Tj
3.9614 0 Td
(ht.)Tj
1.3465 0 Td
(Other)Tj
-8.7095 -1.1905 Td
(adjustmen)Tj
4.578 0 Td
(ts)Tj
1.0134 0 Td
(desirab)Tj
3.2457 0 Td
(le.)Tj
4.9181 2.374 Td
(Must)Tj
2.3882 0 Td
(exclude)Tj
3.6496 0 Td
(early)Tj
2.3741 0 Td
(infant)Tj
-9.5174 -1.1835 Td
(deaths)Tj
3.2102 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.1127 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.6575 0 Td
(who)Tj
2.048 0 Td
(unable)Tj
3.1961 0 Td
(to)Tj
-11.5796 -1.1905 Td
(initiate)Tj
3.0968 0 Td
(breastfee)Tj
4.1387 0 Td
(ding)Tj
2.1047 0 Td
(early.)Tj
/F2 1 Tf
-63.8225 -1.5591 Td
(Moderate)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
8.1567 0 Td
(-)Tj
26.1427 0 Td
(Loss)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(to)Tj
-2.6858 -1.1905 Td
(follow)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(up)Tj
-2.8276 -1.1835 Td
(10-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
[( )]TJ
/F0 1 Tf
(15%)Tj
/F2 1 Tf
-33.8813 -1.5662 Td
(Low)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
5.2583 0 Td
(Observation)Tj
5.3575 0 Td
(al)Tj
1.6583 0 Td
(Cross-s)Tj
3.4228 0 Td
(ectional)Tj
-2.4874 -1.1834 Td
(recruitme)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(nt)Tj
3.2245 1.1834 Td
(Assessed)Tj
4.5425 0 Td
(exposure)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(more)Tj
-8.8371 -1.1834 Td
(than)Tj
2.1615 0 Td
(30)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.2252 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1614 0 Td
(or)Tj
-9.7229 -1.1906 Td
(after)Tj
2.2252 0 Td
(outcome)Tj
4.0394 0 Td
(occurred)Tj
6.9662 2.374 Td
(Loss)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(to)Tj
-2.6858 -1.1834 Td
(follow)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(up)Tj
-2.8276 -1.1906 Td
(15-)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
[( )]TJ
/F0 1 Tf
(20%)Tj
/F2 1 Tf
-33.8813 -1.5591 Td
(Very)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(Low)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
5.7756 0 Td
(-)Tj
26.1427 0 Td
(Loss)Tj
2.3315 0 Td
(to)Tj
-2.6858 -1.1905 Td
(follow)Tj
2.7638 0 Td
(up)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-2.1118 -1.1906 Td
[( !)]TJ
/F0 1 Tf
(20%)Tj
11.367 2.3811 Td
(-)Tj
14.2371 0 Td
(-)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
/F9 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-60.2012 -4.252 Td
(https://do)Tj
3.5575 0 Td
(i.org/10.1371/j)Tj
5.4425 0 Td
(ournal.pone)Tj
4.4079 0 Td
(.0180722.t001)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 417.1464 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Delayed)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(breastfee)Tj
4.0961 0 Td
(ding)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.8055 0 Td
(meta-ana)Tj
4.1528 0 Td
(lysis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01807)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(22)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(July)Tj
1.9701 0 Td
(26,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2017)Tj
35.3483 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
126 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
127 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
128 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
129 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
130 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
131 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
132 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
133 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
134 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
135 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
136 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
137 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
138 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
139 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
140 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
141 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
142 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
143 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
144 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
145 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
146 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
147 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
148 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
149 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
150 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
151 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
152 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(16)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
153 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 155 0 R/Contents 156 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
154 0 obj
<>stream
xyոd#2dJD)B$s
HL2dx_eLB2\2+eɉq~νg?ϳi}kYow]<$ H@$ H@$ H@N38g$ H@+gO$ H@b8s'_Rlͮ~ok\>v!wU)*ƹ6}q֥c\3>5[qǾXfIbc1ι\?dreq5WOo|mzCYzn}бl?ιR6Vk6+uSNU姽ڷsݾb\)
Qw;;6us,;>Mw)8s_yݭ)z~GjS.1Uر\o
9f-Y^[Ulmzsq+|̕mܹ
ߞn,Uڊm9?\)*W!sǪ;˪X~:fϺ\,xk1+j4:Ǭ=:)ܪUMT:1h/fֵ6dwZ%Է$ H@$ 'p9>p)|?8EisƲ{q1Z_JjqMlk5yCnO&qط}/V'0dN8ᤓN:c3