The assessment of facial variation in 4747 British school children

Toma, Arshed M., Zhurov, Alexei ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-0740, Playle, Rebecca Anne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-1092, Marshall, Andrew David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-1395, Rosin, Paul L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3884 and Richmond, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-5318 2012. The assessment of facial variation in 4747 British school children. European Journal of Orthodontics 34 (6) , pp. 655-664. 10.1093/ejo/cjr106

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify key components contributing to facial variation in a large population-based sample of 15.5-year-old children (2514 females and 2233 males). The subjects were recruited from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Three-dimensional facial images were obtained for each subject using two high-resolution Konica Minolta laser scanners. Twenty-one reproducible facial landmarks were identified and their coordinates were recorded. The facial images were registered using Procrustes analysis. Principal component analysis was then employed to identify independent groups of correlated coordinates. For the total data set, 14 principal components (PCs) were identified which explained 82 per cent of the total variance, with the first three components accounting for 46 per cent of the variance. Similar results were obtained for males and females separately with only subtle gender differences in some PCs. Facial features may be treated as a multidimensional statistical continuum with respect to the PCs. The first three PCs characterize the face in terms of height, width, and prominence of the nose. The derived PCs may be useful to identify and classify faces according to a scale of normality.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Computer Science & Informatics Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > RK Dentistry
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0141-5387
Last Modified:	06 Nov 2022 13:29
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/27151

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